1. Chapter 12 Reconstruction

2. Lincoln’s 2 nd Inaugural Address Union Victory was certain Themes of address – Preservation of the union “indivisible nation” – Sorrow over the war-diplomacy had failed – War was necessary to end slavery – Urged peaceful reunion and reconstruction “with malice toward none; with charity for all”

3. Lincoln’s Assassination John Wilkes Booth-confederate sympathizer Fords Theater Andrew Johnson

4. Reconstruction 1865-1877 Rebuild the South Readmit the southern states to the Union

5. 13 th Amendment Abolishes slavery

6. Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan 1.Pardon southerners who swore allegiance to the Union 2.Hold constitutional conventions to form new state governments 3.Withdraw their secession 4.Ratify the 13 th Amendment 5.Hold elections and be part of the Union

7. Radical Republicans v. Johnson Thaddeus Stevens Punish states for secession Destroy political power of former slave holders Full citizenship and suffrage for African Americans Land distribution

8. Freedmen’s Bureau 1865 1 st federal relief agency in U.S. history Provided clothes, medical attention, food, education and land Helped transition to freedom Johnson vetoed, Congress override veto

9. Civil Rights Act 1866 Gave African Americans citizenship Forbade Black Codes – No carrying weapons – No serving on juries or testifying in court – No marrying whites – No traveling without permits – Etc. Johnson vetoes, congress overrides

10. 14 th Amendment No person, regardless of race, can be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law Declared all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. to be citizens Provided a Constitutional Basis for the Civil Rights Act

11. Reconstruction Act of 1867 Abolished governments formed under Lincoln’s and Johnson’s plans 5 military zones Set new requirements for readmission State constitutions had to grant suffrage

12. Johnson’s Impeachment High crimes and misdemeanors Radicals passed laws to keep Johnson weak Johnson ignored those laws: Tenure of Office Act 3 month trial Not guilty by 1 vote

13. Impeachment Process Congress HouseimpeachSenate Votes to impeachSenate becomes jurors Chief Justice Presides over trial Recommend to impeach or not Judiciary2/3 to convict Committee Reviews evidenceguilty-out of office not guilty-stays in

14. 15 th Amendment 15-suffrage – cannot deny the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude

15. 12:2 Reconstructing Society

16. Political Problems of the South South destroyed, must rebuild States have no money, can’t borrow Black Codes

17. Response to Political Problems Public Works programs-orphanages, hospitals, schools, etc. Increased state taxes African Americans elected to office

18. African American Political Power during Reconstruction 90% voted 8/10 voted Republican Hiram Revels-1 st African American U.S. Senator Several House Members

19. Economic Problems of the South Low property values Population devastated by death and malnutrition Labor shortage Increase in taxes Landlessness of poor whites and former slaves Low cotton prices Debt Bank failures

20. Response to Economic problems Raised taxes Tenant farming Sharecropping Redistribution of land owned by former Confederates Diversification of economy

21. Social Problems of the South Racism African American families separated African American education

22. Responses to Social Problems Emigration of white population north Emigration of black population to cities Freedmen’s Bureau reunited many families African Americans organized schools, churches, political institutions Morehouse College Atlanta 1867: ministry and education

23. Scalawags White southerners who joined the Republican party – Redistribute wealth – Redistribute political power – Bring industry to the South

24. Carpetbaggers Northerners who moved South after the War – Freedmen’s Bureau – Buy cheap land – Business men/entrepreneurs took advantage of the devastated economy of the South

25. African American Gains during Reconstruction Rebuilt families Education – Public education

26. 40 Acres and a Mule Promised by Sherman to slaves who left the plantation and followed the Union Army during the war Johnson gave it back to original landowners

27. Freedman’s Bureau Organized to help former slaves transition to freedom Everyday problems: food, clothing, jobs, medicine, medical care Some land acquisition that was unclaimed by its pre-war owners didn’t go far enough to give economic independence

28. Few Opportunities Share cropping Tenant farming Conditions little different than slavery

29. 12:3 The End of Reconstruction

30. Ku Klux Klan Secret society Used murder, arson, violence as means of controlling freed Africans Americans Founded by Confederate Army veterans Fought against Congressional Reconstruction plans Federal troops occupied the south to curtail KKK violence

31. Enforcement Acts 1870, 1871 Provided federal supervision of elections Provided federal troops in active KKK areas

32. Freedmen’s Bureau Expires 1872 Congress does not renew funding

33. Amnesty Act 1872 Returned the right to vote and hold office to 160,000 former Confederates Republicans lose political power

34. Panic of 1873 Businesses had expanded during the Civil War Post-war production exceeded demand Banks closed Stock market crashed 5 year depression

35. Redemption Democrats regain power – Amnesty Act – Scandal in Grant Administration – Supreme Court Decisions weaken the power of the 14 th and 15 th Amendments – Depression

36. 1876 Election (R)Rutherford B. Hays v. (D) Sam Tilden Hays wins electoral vote, Tilden wins popular vote Contested election-House decides

37. Compromise of 1877 House will accept Hayes as President IF Federal Troops removed from the south Democrats get $$ for southern public works programs Hayes puts southern conservatives in his cabinet

38. Home Rule Ability to run state government without interference of the federal government Took 80 years for the Civil Rights movement to begin gaining equality for African Americans