1. Climate Types Chapter 12, section 2 Pg. 358-361

2. Classifying Climates pg. 358 I. Wladimir Koppen developed a way to classify climates A. Use averages of temperature and precipitation B. Types of vegetation in various climates

3. Pg 358 C. Climate classification system has 6 main groups 1. Tropical 2. Mild 3. Dry 4. Continental 5. Polar 6. High elevation

4. Figure 5: Climate Classification Map

5. Figure 5 Pg. 359 D. Groups are divided further 1. Dry climate a. Arid b. Semiarid 2. Tropical a. Wet b. Wet and Dry 3. Polar a.Tundra b. Icecap

6. Figure 5 pg. 359 4. Mild a. Marine west coast b. Mediterranean c. Humid subtropical 5. Continental a. Warm summer b. Cool summer c. Subarctic 6. High Elevations a. Highlands b. Uplands

7. Adaptations pg. 358 I.An adaptation is either structural or behavioral and necessary for survival A. Structural adaptations are inherited B. Take a long time to develop in a population C. Once adapted, the organism may not be able to survive in other climates

8. Structual Adaptations pg. 359 I. Body structures A. Fur of mammals B. Cactus 1. Fleshy stem holds water 2. Waxy stem prevents evaporation 3. Spiny leaves called needles a. Reduces water loss

9. Behavioral Adaptations Pg. 360 I. Helps survival in a climate A. Hibernation 1. Cooler days 2. Shorter days 3. Lack of adequate food B. Bees cluster in cold weather to conserve heat C. Desert snakes hide under rocks during day D. Desert reptiles get water from food they eat

10. Rattlesnake

11. Drought

12. Lung Fish

13. Estivation pg. 361 I. Inactive state during intense heat A. Lungfish 1. Burrows into mud 2. Covers self in a leathery mixture of mud and mucus 3. Stays until warm, dry months pass B. Humans 1. Sweat takes heat away from your skin 2. Shiver when cold, produce rapid muscle movements that produce some heat