1. AIDS A cquired I mmune D eficiency S yndrome By: Mathanun Suthiseranee [May] Class: Science 8 (4) http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/1675000/images/1 679619aids100.jpg http://www.vircolab.com/content/backgro unders/www.vircolab.com/hiv_virus.gif http://www.aidsmeds.com/List.htm

2. Topics which will be Covered *History* *Cause* *How it can and cannot be spread* *Symptoms* *Diagnosis* *Effects on the body (Opportunistic Infections)* *Prevention* *Effects on other factors (Problems facing infected people)* *Treatments* *Causes for the failure of treatments* *AIDS Prevalence around the World* *Works Cited* http://herpescoldsores.com/std/ai ds_pictures.htm AIDS Virus

3. History 1978:  First signs of AIDS shown 1982:  CDC links di- sease to blood  Term AIDS first used 1983:  Institut Pasteur in France finds the virus (HIV) 1985:  FDA (US) aprroves first HIV antibody test  First time the word AIDS is mentioned in public http://www.pasteur-lille.fr http://herpescoldsores.com/st d/aids_pictures.htm

4. Cause  Caused by virus HIV (retrovirus)  Attacks the immune system  HIV viruses attaches themselves to the T-cells, insert their own genetic material inside the cell, and replicates itself--then moves on to a new cell  “Opportunistic Infections” have to be present http://www.vircolab.com/content/backgrounder s/www.vircolab.com/hiv_virus.gif HIV Virus

5. How HIV can and cannot be spread... Body fluids which have been proven to spread HIV: Blood Semen  Breast milk  Vaginal fluids Can be spread by:Cannot be spread by: http://es.geocities.com /villaiguana/semen.jpg http://www.prn.org/imag http://www.prn.org/imag es/prnnbcntntimages/vol8 num4/bansonfig1.3.jpg Food prepared by an AIDS pa- tient http://www.inpes.sante.fr/es pace_nutrition/guide/portrai ts/chap7/img/hamburger.jp g Sharing spoons, forks, etc. http://www.favorsbygina.com/new _images/silver/Salad-Spoon-and- Fork-2614.jpg http://www.boardridersgui de.co.uk/acatalog/Lt0501.jpg Sharing clothes http://www.donotgiveup.net/hugging_cartoon.jp g Direct contact: hugging, kissing, etc.

6. Symptoms  Symptoms may not show after many years for some people  Stomach and Intestinal Symptoms: Nausea * Vomiting * Diarrhea * Severe weight loss  Physical Symptoms: Dry mouth * Fatigue * Fever * Rash * lymph nodes * Headaches * Drenching night sweats * Shortness of breath  Emotional Symptoms: Depression http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/1675000/images/1679169a ids100.jpg http://www.mainstreet mom.com/cards/ima ges_getwell/full/therm ometer.gif http://www.perm anente.net/hand book/healthwiseh andbook/ch_07/c hapter07-6.gif Fever Lymph Nodes Severe weight loss

7. Diagnosis  Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbet Assay [ELISA]: There are 2 results: 1. Positive 2. Negative  Other tests: 1. CD4+T Cell count 2. Viral Load Test/Quantitive Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 3. Qualitative PCR/PCR-DNA http://www.biocontrol.ucr.edu/ photos/WFT/elisa.jpg ELISA Viral load test http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ aids/images/testtubecomp.jpeg

8. Effects on the Body (Opportunistic Infections)  Lipodystrophy  Kaposi’s sarcoma  Pneumonia http://www.unbc.ca/nlui/wildlife_diseases_bc /tularemia_liver_damage_beaver.jpg  Mental disorders  Anemia  Peripheral  Neuropathy  Diarrhea  Liver damage http://edcenter.med.cornell.edu/CUMC_Pa thNotes/Dermpath/3604.GIF http://www.sbpt.org.br/leigos/images/pn eumonia.gif

9. Prevention  Use condoms  Be tested and treated for sexually transmitted infections every year  Do not have sex if there are any open sores or rawness of skin  For drug users: Avoid sharing needles with others  Limit the number of sex partners Condoms http://www.bgiok.org.uk/imag es/gay_myths/condoms.jpg Open sore http://catonic.net/pics/hsv2 600/phreaknic7/drunkenhan dcut.jpg http://dev.broadwire.ws/ SloSipe/TRAIN/Mod12/syri nge.gif Needles

10. Effects on other Factors & Problems facing infected people AIDS patient Thought of as disgraceful and unworthy Lack the support from family Lack the support from friends Dismissed from jobs Loss of spouses Not excepted by the society Uneducated people are more likely to get the disease http://www.bateyrelief.org/HIV.j pg

11. Treatments  Some medications are intended to fight oppotunistic infections  Antiretroviral drugs  AZT  No vaccines have been discovered for AIDS Antiretroviral Drugs http://news.bbc.co.uk/olme dia/930000/images/_930807_ pills300.jpg AZT http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/ publications/images/photogr aphic/azt.jpg

12. Causes for the failure of Treatments  Virus species in the body is already resistant  Drug may not have effect due to high toxicity or side effects  Immune system may not work effectively  Failure to take medicines as instructed by physician  Newly resistant HIV may arise Physician http://www.cgh.org/image s/physician.jpg Researchers working with HIV http://www.disasterrelief.o rg/Disasters/011003hiv/Im ages/lab.jpg

13. AIDS Prevalence around the World

14. Works Cited  “So little time...An AIDS History.” http://www.aegis.com/topics/timeline/default.asp. 29 Dec. 2004  “Diagnosis of AIDS.” http://www.aurorahealthcare.org/yourhealth/healthgate/getcontent.asp?URLhea lthgate=“19022.html".29 Dec. 2004 http://www.aurorahealthcare.org/yourhealth/healthgate/getcontent.asp?URLhea lthgate=“19022.html".29  “Am I Infected?.”http://www.aidsmeds.com/lessons/HIVtests3.htm. 15 Dec. 2004  “What is AIDS and HIV?.” http://www.aidsmeds.com/lessons/starthere3.htm. 25 Nov. 2004  “How HIV is and is NOT spread.” http://www.smartersex.org/hiv/spread.asp. 14 Dec. 2004  “HIV Symptoms.” http://www.smartersex.org/hiv/symptoms.asp. 14 Dec. 2004http://www.smartersex.org/hiv/symptoms.asp  “Understanding HIV.” http://www.vircolab.com/content/backgrounders/www.vircolab.com/hiv_virus.gif. 2 Jan. 2005 http://www.vircolab.com/content/backgrounders/www.vircolab.com/hiv_virus.gif  “HIV/AIDS.” http://www.drugs.com/aids.html. 2 Jan. 2005  Ford, Michael T. 100 Questions and Answers about AIDS. 1st ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1992. (Ford 20, 01, 29)  Cefrey, Holly. AIDS. 1st ed. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, 2001. (Cefrey 48, 10)