1. Populating Utah

2. Sources When discovering history we use two types of resources: Primary sources and secondary sources. Primary Sources are made by people who were there at the time. Secondary Sources are indirect accounts of what happened.

3. Archaeologists Scientist that study people we do not have a written account for. Use things like clay pots, charred bones, and burial sites. Can not know everything, because we do not have all the pieces. Ex: Written language

4. Prehistoric vs. Historic Prehistoric refers to people before there was any written accounts. Historic refers to the time in history where we have written accounts.

5. Danger Cave Was found by Jesse Jennings Inside they found leather scraps, piece of strings, net of twine, coarse fabric. Oldest material was over 11,000 years old. One of the oldest human sites in Northern America. Evidence suggest that desert population sparse, hunter-gatherers, cave dwellers

6. Hogup Cave Limestone cavern just west of the Great Salt Lake. Found and studied in the 1960’s Used for over 8,000 years by different cultures. First culture used it mainly to harvest pickle weed: probably use it a preservative. Second culture, Fremont people, used it as a temporary shelter. Third was used by Shoshone left pottery and animal hides.

7. Paleo-Indian People Paleo means ancient They lived all over North America Were a hunter-gatherers Hunted animals that do not exist anymore: mammoths, and sabertooth tiger. Thin sticks used as spears They also gathered seeds, nuts, and other wild plants. Had to move around in order to survive.

8. The Archaic People Followed the Paleo-Indian People. Were once again a hunter-gatherer people. All over North America. Ones in Utah were called Desert Gatherers. Knew where to find foods at certain times in the year. Built simple open shelters called Wiki-ups out of tree branches and limbs. Disposed of it when they moved on.

9. Making Baskets, Tools, and Weapons Baskets made of plant fibers. Flat baskets to sort dry foods Deep cone shape baskets to gather. Tools-made of fibers were used to make shoes, ropes, string, threads, snares and traps. Atlatl and spear were their main weapon. Atlatl was a spear thrower

10. Anasazi Lived near the San Juan River Hunter-gatherers people but did develop farming. Dried and store food. Scientist have full rooms of storage. Signs of Bow and Arrow use. Irrigated and built dams Lived in pit houses and apartment dwellings

11. The Fremont People Lived in Utah about the same time as the Anasazi people. Lived in the dry valleys and great basin. Variety in culture based on trade and environment. Lived in a pit house

12. Indians in Utah when Europeans arrived Ute, Navajo, Paiute, Goshute, Shoshone Utes took up most of Utah No state boundaries back then Culture varied a lot within Native American tribes. Really spiritual people