1. FOSS Diversity of Life Grade 7
Inv. 5 Seeds of Life
FOSS Diversity of Life
Grade 7

2. Parts of a Seed
Seed Coat: the outside of the seed is a tough, almost airtight covering.
Embryo: the baby plant
Cotyledons: starchy supply of endosperm.

3. Germination
Germination: the resumption of growth and development of the new plant in a seed.
Initiated by water:
Water softens the seed coat, allowing water to enter the seed.
Cotyledons soak up water and swell, causing the seed coat to split allowing the embryo to resume growth and development.

4. Germination
The starch of the cotyledon provides the energy during the early stages of plant growth.
Monocots: one cotyledon
Dicots: two cotyledon

5. Germination
Energy-rich oils and starches stored in the cotyledon are converted into sugars, which nourish the developing young sprout as it grows, differentiates, and develops new structures above and below the soil surface.

6. Role of Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis captures solar energy and converts it into chemical compounds that are food for the plant.
The chemical compounds (sugars and starches) are either used by the plant right away or stored in the cotyledons to launch the next generation of plants.

7. Gymnosperms A gymnosperm is a vascular plant that produces
seeds lacking an outer fruit. Normally these
seeds are contained in cones.
Gymnosperms have male and female cones.
The male cones produce sperm, which are
contained in pollen grains. Male cones are
normally smaller than female cones.
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8. Male Gymnosperm
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9. Female Gymnosperm The female cones produce eggs, which are
contained in ovules. Female cones have a
sticky resin that “catches” the pollen released by
the male cone.
When fertilized, the female cone enlarges and
the scales separate. This separation
allows the seeds to drop out of the cone and are dispersed
by animals, such as chipmunks & squirrels.
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10. Female Gymnosperm
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11. Angiosperms are flowering plants that reproduce through seeds that are contained in fruit. The flower of a plant can contain male anatomy, female anatomy and sterile structures. A plant that contains both male and female anatomy is known as a perfect flower. A flower that only contains male or only female anatomy is called an imperfect flower.
Angiosperms
Angiosperms are flowering plants that reproduce through seeds that are contained in fruit.
Angiosperms are broken into 2 groups: the monocots and the dicots.
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12. Monocots
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13. Examples of Monocots
Grasses Corn

14. Dicots
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15. Examples of Dicots
Magnolia Roses

16. Flowering Plants Monocots: Dicots: Multiple of 3 Multiples of 4 or 5
Monocot vs. Dicot
Flowering Plants Monocots: Dicots: Multiple of 3 Multiples of 4 or 5

17. Monocots vs. Dicots Leaves
Parallel Leaf Venation Pinnate Leaf Venation

18. Roots Diffuse Roots Tap Roots
Monocots vs. Dicots
Roots Diffuse Roots Tap Roots
Tap Roots: one or more large roots extending into the soil with smaller roots branching off.
Diffuse (fibrous) Roots: many thin roots extending from the soil from the base of the plant.

19. Types of Monocots and Dicots

20. Roots Keeps the plant in place
The reaching and the probing of roots is to increase the plant’s access to water.
First part of the seed is the root.