1. Researching, Organizing, and Outlining Your Speech

2. Characteristics of a Formal Outline Outline is written in complete sentences Outline includes all important and relevant information Outline is typed Outline includes citations within text Outline includes two-five (2-5) main points (I, II, III…) Outline includes supporting information as sub points (A, B, C…) Each main point must contain a minimum of two supporting details. If needed, outline includes elaborated information as sub sub-points (1, 2, 3…)

3. Organizing the body of your speech Identify 2-5 main points (central ideas you want to present to your audience) Consider organizational pattern of main points Write a thesis statement with main points Develop the main points of your speech through research Outline the speech body

4. Organizational Patterns of a Speech (page 282) Topical / Logical pattern (based on types or categories) The Division of College Students: Freshman, Sophomore, Junior, Senior Diabetes: What is Diabetes, What Causes Diabetes, What are Symptoms of Diabetes, What are Treatments of Diabetes Chronological pattern (based on how things occur in time) Oprah: Oprah’s Childhood, Oprah’s rise to success, Oprah’s future ambitions Spatial pattern (based on where things are located in space) Places to visit in Alabama: Huntsville, Birmingham, Tuscaloosa, Montgomery, Mobile Compare & Contrast (Informative or Persuasive) Shelton vs UA, Wedding Rituals: India vs UA

5. Organizational Patterns of a speech Cause & Effect pattern Binge Drinking: The effects of binge drinking on a college campus, the causes of binge drinking on a college campus OR discuss 2-5 causes OR discuss 2-5 effects Problem & Solution Overcrowded Prisons: The problem of overcrowded prisons, the solution to overcrowded prisons OR the problem of overcrowded prisons, why this has become a problem, the solution to overcrowded prisons

6. Don’t Forget…… Make sure you use transitions to create a parallel structure (flow between main points and sub points)…. Transitions – words, phrases, or sentences that show a relationship between, or bridge, two ideas

7. Supporting Materials (page 268) Supporting materials are used to clarify an idea, make an idea interesting, make an idea memorable, or prove an idea Types of Supporting Materials Facts Statistics Examples Expert opinions Stories /Anecdotes Analogies Quotations / Testimonies Definitions

8. Locating Supporting Materials (page 263) Books Professional Journals Newspapers Reference Works (Encyclopedia, Dictionary, Almanac, etc) Internet-based sources (Websites) Magazines Non-print Materials (Audio, Audiovisual, etc) Personal Interviews

9. Locating GOOD supporting materials (page 265) Authority / Credibility: Anyone can establish a website. Evaluate! Objectivity: Is the information bias? Is it an advertisement? Currency: When was this information produced? Is it updated? Citing Sources: (include this in oral & written citations) Title of Article Title of Publication Author of Article Date of Article Website (name of organization, institution, etc.) Webpage