1. What were the causes of the English Civil War? Learning Objectives: To consolidate my understanding of the English Civil War. To write a structured essay of the causes of the Civil War. Connect: Copt the key terms in to your glossary. Underlying Causes - Problems that have always been there Trigger Causes - Causes that spark something off. Exacerbating Causes - Causes that make things worse or speed things up. 2. Write down all the things that make a good essay. Extension: Which causes of the Civil War were underlying?

2. Essay :What were the causes of the English Civil War? Introduction – define key terms. Give a few (3-4) facts about the Civil War and Charles I. Explain what your essay will focus on E.G. the causes of the Civil War (what are the paragraphs) Main paragraphs – Describe what the reasons are. MONEY POWER RELIGION Explain how they led to Civil War. E.g. This helped cause the Civil War because............ Underlying Causes - Problems that have always been there Trigger Causes - Causes that spark something off. Exacerbating Causes - Causes that make things worse or speed things up. Conclusion – overall, what is the biggest cause of the Civil War? Why?

3. Task: You are now going to begin to write an essay on the causes of the Civil War. You have 5 minutes to plan this essay and then you will have the rest of the lesson to write up your answer. You may use your books and you need to make sure you are doing everything you need to in order to reach your National Curriculum level. Remember, an essay is ‘continuous prose’ this continuous writing without headings and bullet points. This is in assessment conditions to help you practice your writing skills.

4. National Curriculum Levels Level 4 - You describe some simple points about the Civil War. Level 5 b/c - You explain how the causes of the Civil War led to the Civil War. You use key terms Parliament, The Nineteen Propositions. Level 5a – You show AND explain which cause of the Civil War was the most important. E.g. This helped cause the Civil War because............ Level 6 – You have explained all your points well and you begin to show links between reasons. E.g. This links to........because....... Level 6a/b – You begin to weigh up the importance of different causes. E.g. This was fundamental because..... This was an underlying issue because...

5. When you have finished doing your essay you must read pages 76-77 and complete the activities on page 77.

6. Levels Level 4 - You describe some simple points about the Civil War. E.g. In the 1630s Charles did lots of things to upset Parliament. He tried to make the Church more Catholic. He also tried to demand more money. Level 5 b/c - You explain how the causes of the Civil War led to the Civil War. You use key terms such as : Parliament, The Nineteen Propositions. Level 5a – You show AND explain which cause of the Civil War was the most important. E.g. This helped cause the Civil War because............ Level 6 – You have explained all your points well and you begin to show links between reasons. E.g. This links to........because....... Level 6a/b – You begin to weigh up the importance of different causes. E.g. This was fundamental because..... E.g. This was imperative because.... E.g. This exacerbated the problem because………. To get into level 6b and above you need to weigh up the importance of different factors. This means that you show that you can recognise that there are different types of causes too. Underlying Causes - Problems that have always been there Trigger Causes - Causes that spark something off. Exacerbating Causes - Causes that make things worse or speed things up. Levels Level 4 - You describe some simple points about the Civil War. E.g. In the 1630s Charles did lots of things to upset Parliament. He tried to make the Church more Catholic. He also tried to demand more money. Level 5 b/c - You explain how the causes of the Civil War led to the Civil War. You use key terms such as : Parliament, The Nineteen Propositions. Level 5a – You show AND explain which cause of the Civil War was the most important. E.g. This helped cause the Civil War because............ Level 6 – You have explained all your points well and you begin to show links between reasons. E.g. This links to........because....... Level 6a/b – You begin to weigh up the importance of different causes. E.g. This was fundamental because..... E.g. This was imperative because.... E.g. This exacerbated the problem because………. To get into level 6b and above you need to weigh up the importance of different factors. This means that you show that you can recognise that there are different types of causes too. Underlying Causes - Problems that have always been there Trigger Causes - Causes that spark something off. Exacerbating Causes - Causes that make things worse or speed things up.

7. Charles began his reign in 1625. Shortly after he marries Henrietta Maria – a Catholic daughter of the King of France. Charles asks for ‘Ship Money’ in 1633. This tax was only used in times of war to fund the Navy, but Charles wants to collect it as he needs more money! People in Engla nd are not happy. Throughout the 1630s Charles tries to make the Church of England more Catholic. This is a bad idea following the religious turmoil under the Tudor monarchs! He particularly upsets Puritans. Some people in the 1630s think Charles is trying to bring back the Catholic Church. Many are horrified at this idea. They think it is more likely because of his Catholic wife. Within the first four years of his reign, Charles has already asked parliament for some money. Parliament refuses, but Charles collects the money anyway. He sends Parliament home. Charles demands Ship Money again in 1636. English people are not sure whether Charles intends to make this tax permanent. Some people refuse to pay it. Some Puritans begin to attack the church and the king by writing pamphlets. In 1637 Archbishop Laud put three of these Puritans on trial. They were found guilty and punished. Charles tried to make the Scots used the English Prayer Book in 1637. This was a terrible mistake! Many Scottish people were strict protestants. By the end of the 1630s Charles was in deep trouble. He had run out of money. Taxpayers were refusing to pay their taxes. Charles had to beg parliament for money – but would they give it to him?

8. Over time, parliament became upset that they were not being respected. Charles had dismissed them when he did not need their money. Parliament wanted some MPs to be the King’s advisors. Charles relied on his friend and advisor Strafford throughout the 1630s. However, he was very unpopular amongst parliament and people – especially in Ireland (which was part of the UK at the time). The Court of Star Chamber was used during the late 1630s to lock up Charles’ opponents. They were not put on trial fairly. In November 1641, MPs demanded that the King agree to the Grand Remonstrance’. This was a list of demands which would give parliament more power over Charles’ decisions. Many MPs were divided over the Grand Remonstrance. 159 MPs voted for this, while 148 MPs voted against it. In January 1642 Charles burst into the House of Commons with 400 soldiers! He wanted to arrest five troublemakers from parliament. They had been tipped off and had already fled down the Thames by boat. Parliament no longer trusted Charles after he tried to arrest 5 MPs. In March of the same year, parliament took control of the army. Charles was furious when he found out! On 1 st June 1642, parliament passed the Nineteen Propositions. This divided opinions across the country! Parliament demanded that the King could not make any decisions which were not agreed with parliament. (Even who he chose to marry.)