1. Chapter 26: World War I
Section 1

2. Main Idea Europe in 1914 was on the brink of war
Main Idea Europe in 1914 was on the brink of war. After an assassination, the nations of europe were drawn one by one into what would be called the great war, or world war I.
Why was Europe on the brink of war in 1914?
Why did war break out?
What were the results of the fighting in 1914?

3. The Great War Begins (“War to End All Wars”)
Europe on the Brink of War
Rising tensions…
MAIN
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism

4. Militarism
Massive military buildup in European countries, late 1800s and early 1900s
Wanted to protect overseas colonies
Growing power of armed forces left all sides ready to act
Minor disagreements had potential to turn to armed conflict

5. Alliances Nations formed partnerships
Believed no one nation would attack another, because of alliance systems
Triple Alliance
Triple Entente
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
France, Russia, Great Britain

6. Imperialism Late 1800s and early 1900s saw quest to build empires
Created rivalry among European nations
Germany, France, Russia, Great Britain raced to become great imperial nations
More land= more power

7. Nationalism Strong devotion to one’s national group or culture
increased in late 1800s
Led to formation of new countries & struggles for power
Hot spot= Balkan Peninsula, southeastern Europe
Home to many ethnic groups trying to break free from Ottoman Empire

8. Serbia
Some of strongest nationalist tensions in Balkans in Serbia, independent nation
Serbian leaders wanted to expand borders,
unite people in “greater Serbia”
Austria-Hungary, powerful empire to north, opposed expansion
Feared growth might encourage ethnic groups there to rebel
Tensions continued to rise in early 1900s…

9. Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Assassination
War Breaks out!!
Who is assassinated??
Archduke Franz Ferdinand

10. War Begins!
Archduke Ferdinand of Austria- Hungary decided to visit the Bosnian city of Sarajevo
Serbian Gavrilo Princip assassinated archduke & wife
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
Russia prepared to support Serbia
Austria-Hungary ally Germany saw Russia as threat
Germany declared war on Russia, ally France

11. Clip

12. schlieffen plan
Germany faced war on two fronts: Russia to east, France to west
Decided to strike France quickly then move to Russia
Began with quick strike into neutral Belgium
Attack on neutral country led Great Britain to declare war on Germany

14. Central Powers Allied Powers
Sides Form
Central Powers
Allied Powers
Germany,
Austria-Hungary
France
Russia
Great Britain
Serbia
Italy (1915)

15. Fighting in 1914 War quickly turned into a bloody stalemate
Germany wins Battle of the Frontiers
Both sides suffered heavy losses
Russia attacked German territory from the east
Russians defeated in Battle of Tannenberg
Germany distracted from France, Allies turned on German invaders

16. Trench Warfare Begins Battle of the Marne September 1914
Allied troops drove Germans back
Retreating Germans dug series of trenches
Waited in trenches for Allied attack
Trenches elaborately constructed, concealed
Allies dug trenches of their own
Months with little change in positions
Deadlocked region= Western Front

17. Conditions in the Trenches
Clip- All Quiet on the Western Front

18. Section 2: A New Kind of War
MAIN IDEA: With the introduction of new types of warfare and new technologies, World War I resulted in destruction on a scale never before imagined.
How was the World War I battlefield different than those of earlier wars?
How did the war affect the home front?
What happened on the Western Front?
How did the war spread around the world?

19. The Battlefield New Weapons Poison Gas in response to deadlock
Both sides develop gas masks
Rapid-fire machine guns more effective- widely used
Artillery and exploding shells
Hundreds of miles of trenches
Trenches not new idea
But never used on this scale
Rainstorms produced deep puddles, mud
Lice, rats, bad sanitation constant problems
Removing dead bodies often impossible
Trench foot…

20. Warfare Soldiers ordered out of trenches to attack enemy
Sprinting across area known as “no-mans-land”
Thousands on both sides died, cut down by enemy guns
Tanks and Aircraft
Tanks developed to cross no mans land
Developed by British
Not always reliable
Aircraft more useful
First used for observation
Then added machine guns & bombs
Used to attack cities and battlefields
WWII flying aces

21. Flying Aces
Manfred von Richthofen “The Red Baron”

22. War on the Homefront Total war
Must use all of societies resources, EVERYONE involved
Factories produced military equipment, citizens conserved food, other goods
Countries tried to control public opinion
Censored media
Propaganda
Tried to influence opinions and get volunteers
Portrayed enemy as brutal

24. Women in War Millions of men at battle
Work on home front done by women
Some worked in factories, produced war supplies
Others served as nurses
Contributions of women
Transformed public views of women
Helped women win right to vote

25. Battles on the Western front
Didn’t start off well for Allies…
After being loosely sided with Central Powers, Italy joined Allied Powers, May 1915
Sent forces against Austria-Hungary at border
Series of back-and-forth battles
Little progress made…
Battle of Verdun
Germans attack French fortress, Verdun
Meant to kill, injure as many French soldiers as possible
400,000 French casualties, 10 months of fighting
almost as many for Germany

26. Battles The Battle of the Somme
British launched attack in Somme River area
Plan to pull German troops away from Verdun
Main assault during 1916, but NO major breakthrough
Both sides lost great number
Brits nearly 60,000 casualties 1st day
The Third Battle of Ypres
Failed offensive caused rebellion in French troops- spring 1917
Brits began offensive near Ypres, Belgium, site of German attacks
Disaster for British
Front lines remained virtually unchanged!

27. War Around the World
WWI became true world war as fighting spread around the globe
Over 30 nations officially took sides in the war
Ottoman Empire joined Central Powers, late 1914
Controlled sea passage, Dardanelles
Used by Allies to ship supplies to Russia
Gallipoli Campaign
Allies landed force on Gallipoli Peninsula
Attempted to destroy guns, forts on Dardanelles
Gave up after months of fighting, 200,000 deaths
Spring 1915
Ottoman subjects in Arabian Peninsula rebelled later in war
British sent T.E. Lawrence to support Arabs
Arabs overthrew Ottoman rule
Major Loss

28. Armenian Genocide Ottoman Empire
Caucasus: home to ethnic Christian Armenians (minority)
Ottoman leaders claimed Armenians aided Russians
Began forcibly removing Armenians from Caucasus, spring 1915
600,000 Armenians died in massacre
Ottoman leaders commit genocide (destruction of racial, political or cultural group)

29. Other Fighting War also fought in Asia and Africa
Japan declared war on Germany
Part of military agreement with Great Britain
Japanese captured German colonies in China
British, French attacked German colonies in Africa
Allied colonies scattered around world made contributions to war
Some colonists worked as laborers to supply armies
Others fought, died in battles in hope of winning independence
Hopes were in vain