1. Renaissance=rebirth. A time when people began to take a new interest in Ancient Greece and Rome

2.  1. Why the Renaissance started in Italy  2. Importance of patrons and examples  3. Developments in painting  4. Renaissance Artist in Italy: Da Vinci  5. Renaissance Artist OUTSIDE Italy: Bruegel  6. Renaissance Sculptor: Michelangelo  7. Changes to Renaissance architecture  8. Importance of the Printing Press  9. Renaissance Writer: Shakespeare  10. Renaissance Scientist: Galileo  11. Results of the Renaissance

3. Why did the Renaissance start in Italy? The ruins of the Roman Empire inspired people to restore Rome to its former glory  Greek scholars that came to Italy brought manuscripts with them. This made the Romans interested in Greek ideas. Wealthy Italian merchants that brought silks and spices from Asia had money to spend on buildings and art Italian merchants also brought new ideas and became critical of old ways of doing things Italy was divided into city-states. These were open to new ideas and very competitive The invention of the printing press meant books were cheaper and ideas spread quicker

4.  Lorenzo de Medici was a famous patron of the arts during the Renaissance. He ruled the city-state of Florence. The Medicis were extremely wealthy bankers. Their family loaned money even to kings and popes.  Lorenzo became the ruler of Florence at the young age of 20. He was extremely talented as a ruler and banker but also as a poet and an athlete.  He was known as ‘Lorenzo the Magnificant’ because he invited great painters and sculptors to his palaces and paid them to produce great works of art.  One Italian artist under Lorenzo was Michelangelo who produced the famous statue of David.  Lorenzo also paid people to buy or copy manuscripts abroad and then stored these manuscripts in his library which became the first public library in Europe

5.  Why were patrons important?  These were wealthy people who were willing to pay for artists/sculptors to create works of art  Cosimo de Medici and Lorenzo the Magnificent are examples of patrons  Julius II and Leo X are example of popes who were patrons

6.  1. Medieval paintings were usually flat and lifeless Renaissance artists created very lifelike paintings because: - They used perspective to make background objects seem far away. This gave depth to paintings - They studied anatomy (human body) and so could paint people with better accuracy

7. Medieval art usually dealt with religious subjects only Renaissance artists often painted ordinary people, scenes from nature, or classical themes from ancient Greece or Rome 3. Medieval artists used egg-whites to bind their paintings Renaissance artists used oils instead of egg-white to bind their paints. Oil dries more slowly than egg-whites, which meant artists could improve their paintings by making changes to them

8.  Anatomy: artists cut up dead bodies to find out about bones and muscles. Painting were made more real as a result  Perspective: adding depth to a painting. It made some objects small (far away) and other objects big (closer)  Portraits: these became popular e.g. Mona Lisa  Sfumato: adding shading to a painting. Made realistic shadows and skin tones  Oil Paintings: used oil paint instead of egg whites to mix their colours. This dried slower so mistakes could be fixed.  Canvas: paint dried more slowly on these so were less likely to crack  Frescos: paintings on wet plaster.

9.  What is a fresco? A fresco is a painting done on damp plaster so that the painting became part of the plaster e.g. Michelangelo’s ceiling of the Sistine Chapel http://vatican.com/tour/sistine_chapel_3D

10.  Stumato is a painting technique which Leonardo used to blur the outlines of figures and blend them into their surroundings  E.g. Leonardo’s Mona Lisa

11.  1. Art:  2. Architecture:  3.Sculpture:  4. Printing:  5. Science and Medicine:

12.  http://stpaulscollege.ie/history/leonardo-da- vinci http://stpaulscollege.ie/history/leonardo-da- vinci  Renaissance man  Master Verrocchio  Mona Lisa-Sfumato  The Last Supper-experimented with oils  Painters Guild  Worked for Duke of Sforza  Notebooks-5,000 pages  Dissected 30 bodies  Discoveries-how rocks were formed and dating of trees

13.  Pieter Bruegel-Netherlands  Son of a poor peasant  Pieter Coecke Van Aelst  ‘The Gloomy Day’  Ordinary people  ‘Children’s Games’

15.  Born near Florence in 1475  Apprenticed to Ghirlandaio  Sculptured statues in gardens of the Medici family  Lorenzo de Medici became his patron  Sculptured the Pieta-statue of the dead Christ in his mother’s arms  Sculptured the 5 metre high statue of David in white marble  Hired by Pope Julius II to paints scenes from the Old Testament on the ceilings of the Sistine Chapel- fresco-took him 4 years  The Last Judgement-on the wall behind the alter of the Sistine Chapel  Before he died he designed the dome of St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome

16.  During the Renaissance, Gothic architecture went out of fashion and there was a return to the old Roman style of building. Large domes, rounded arches and tall pillars became fashionable again  Filippo Brunelleschi, an Italian, designed the largest and most famous dome of all time. This is the dome of the cathedral in Florence, and it still dominates the skyline of that city.  Andrea Palladio, another Italian, was famous for designing large houses called villas. His ‘Palladian style’ was used throughout the world to build houses for wealthy people.

18.  Goldsmith from Germany  Invented the moveable printing press. The importance of printing:  This meant books were more easily available so more people began to read and write  Books became much cheaper  New ideas spread more easily

20.  Born Stratford-on-Avon  At the age of 18 he married Anne Hathaway  When to London where he became an actor and writer  Formed a theatre group called ‘The King’s Men’  They performed in the ‘Globe Theatre’  His plays were performed before Queen Elizabeth I  Tragedies=Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth  Comedies=Merchant of Venice  Wrote 150 sonnets (14 line poems)

21. Galileo  Professor of Maths in Pisa  Discovered that objects of different weights fell at the same speed  Also invented a telescope that was powerful enough for him to discover the moons of the planet Jupiter Nicolas Copernicus  Copernicus was a Polish priest who discovered that the Earth turned on its own axis and moved around the sun. He published his beliefs in a book called ‘On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres’

22.  William Harvey was an English doctor who wrote a famous book called ‘On the Motion of the Heart and Blood’. In this book he proved that the heart was a kind of pump that pumped blood around the body.  Andreas Vesalius was the private doctor of the King of Spain. He dissected dead bodies so that he could learn what the human skeleton looked like. His findings were published in a book called ‘On the Fabric of the Human Body’. The book was so famous that Vesalius became known as ‘the father of modern anatomy’

23.  1. The printing press led to increased education and literacy. It also spread new ideas.  2. People began to question and old ideas were no longer accepted without question.  3. This questioning spirit led to the Age of Exploration, the Reformation and to new scientific discoveries.  4. The result was new knowledge in geography, science, medicine and astronomy.  5. There were also new developments in painting, sculpture and architecture. These included perspective, sfumato and classical architecture.