1. Unit 2: In-Class Study Guide

2. (1) How did geography of Greece impact the development of Greece?
Mountains resulted in scattered settlement

3. (2) Which Greek city state featured a democratic government, philosophy, and freedom to live as you please?
Athens

4. (3) What is a characteristic of democracy?
Citizens are the source of power in govt.

5. (4) What are the Athenians credited with (known for)?
Establishing governments that had democratic elements

6. (5) Under which political system were there no monarchs and certain citizens could vote?
Roman Republic

7. (6) Which civilization established the world’s first democracy?
Greek

8. (7) What characterized democracy in Athens?
Adult male citizens could vote

9. (8) What is an oligarchy? What is a democracy?
Oligarchy – govt. by the few Democracy – govt. by the many “oligo” means “few” in Greek “demos” means “people” in Greek

10. (9) What is a Triumverate?
Form of govt. in which 3 ppl rule and share equal power

11. (10) Which branch of govt. in Ancient Rome and in the USA enforces the law?
Executive branch

12. (11) Who made up the Roman Senate?
Group of 300 patricians who served for life

13. (12) What form of democracy did Athens have
(12) What form of democracy did Athens have? What form does the USA have?
Athens – direct democracy USA – indirect democracy

14. (13) What do Hammurabi’s Code, the Ten Commandments, and the Twelve Tables have in common?
Rules of behavior

15. (14) What are the guidelines for living for Christians? Muslims?
Christians – Ten Commandments Muslims – Five Pillars

16. (15) What are 3 standards of govt. that the US took from Rome?
-Innocent until proven guilty -Belief in natural law -Accused have right to trial

17. (16) Who is responsible for the spread of Hellenistic culture?
Alexander the Great

18. (17) What are 2 achievements of the Byzantine Empire?
- Justinian Code - Hagia Sophia

19. (18) What does Pax Romana mean?
“Roman peace”

20. (19) How did the Roman Republic contribute to Western European culture?
Concept of govt. by laws

21. (20) What was the result of Alex the Great’s conquests?
Hellenistic Era – spread of Greek language & ideas to non-Greek areas.

22. (21) What did foot soldiers form to give themselves greater protection in Greece?
Phalanx

23. (22) Where did Roman audiences enjoy public entertainment?
The Coliseum & the Circus Maximus

24. (23) What are aqueducts?
Romans built them to transport water throughout the city

25. (24) What does the term “bread and circuses” mean?
Free food & entertainment provided by govt. to stop rebellions by poor ppl.

26. (25) What are the Five Pillars of Islam?
Fasting, prayer 5x/day, pilgrimage to Mecca, charity, belief in 1 god & his prophet Muhammad

27. (26) What religion requires a Hajj – journey to Mecca?
Islam

28. (27) What two religions have their roots in Judaism?
Christianity & Islam All three are grouped together as Abrahamic religions.

29. (28) What religions are monotheistic?
Islam, Christianity, & Judaism

30. (29) What are people who practice Islam called?
Muslims

31. (30) Who is the prophet of Allah in Islam?
Muhammad

32. (31) To obey Allah’s will, Muslims follow what?
The Five Pillars

33. (32) What is the Holy scripture of Islam?
The Qu’ran The Ou’Ran : Islam :: The Torah : Judaism :: The Bible : Christianity

34. (33) Jews, Muslims, & Christians all worship the same ___.
God

35. (34) Why was Constantinople the center of the Byzantine Empire?
Crossroads of Europe & Asia

36. (35) Compare the role of women in Sparta & Athens?
Women had more rights in Sparta than Athens

37. (36) In Ancient Rome, ___ were the upper class, and ___ were the lower class?
Patricians = upper class Plebeians = lower class

38. (37) In Ancient Rome, conquered people were turned into ___?
Slaves

39. (38) Why did women have more freedom in Sparta?
Men were away in training or combat Seen as mothers of warriors

40. (39) After the Roman Empire fell, the eastern part became ___.
The Byzantine Empire / Byzantium

41. (40) Which city-state had an oligarchy and was a military state?
Sparta

42. (41) Which city state was a democracy and welcomed foreigners?
Athens

43. (42) A period of disorder and weak central govt. was the result of ___.
Fall of the Roman Empire

44. (43) Five reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire
Political problems (weak leaders)
Economic problems (inflation)
Military problems (hard to get ppl. to join)
Plague (disease)
Invasions (by Germanic tribes, Vandals, Huns, & Visigoths)

45. (44) Who wrote the epic poems Iliad and Odyssey?
Homer Epic poems – stories about heroes

46. (45) Who was assassinated on the Ides of March because many thought he meant to destroy the Republic?
Julius Caesar

47. (46) What Greek philosopher believed that knowledge is achieved through question and answer format?
Socrates Socrates = questions Plato = society should be run by philosophers Aristotle = logic & reason

48. (47) What are lasting legacies of ancient Greece?
-Parthenon & use of columns in architecture, -Literature (epic poems, fables, lyrical poems, myths), -Philosophers (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle), -Math (Pythagorean Theorem: a2 + b2 = c2)

49. (48) What are lasting legacies of ancient Rome?
-Coliseum, aqueducts (use of arches for stronger construction) -Govt. w/ checks and balances (to keep parts of govt. from getting too powerful) -Roman alphabet (the one we use)

50. (49) Who was attracted to Christianity and why?
The poor; they had hope for a better life in Heaven.

51. (50) Compare Islam & Christianity?
Similar: Both are monotheistic Different: Muslims’ holy book is the Qu’ran, Christians’ holy book is the Bible; Muslims follow the Five Pillars, Christians follow the Ten Commandments