1. Key Terms Alcohol- drug that depresses the brain and nervous system.
Fermentation-a process where yeast, sugar, and water are combined to make alcohol and carbon dioxide.
Distillation- a process that uses a fermented mixture to obtain an alcoholic beverage with very high alcohol %.

2. Types of Alcohol Beer-made by fermenting barley, corn, or rye.
Around 4% Alcohol
Malt Liquor is a higher % beer
Light beer has roughly same % alcohol but less calories.
Wine –made by fermenting grapes and other fruits
12-14 % alcohol
Wine coolers are carbonated and contain much lower alcohol %
Liquor-made by distillation.
Whiskey, Bourbon, Rye, Rum, Vodka, Brandy, and Tequila
Most around 40 % alcohol
Measured by Proof which is double the alcohol %

3. Alcohol in the Body Alcohol enters the blood stream in minutes
About 20 percent through the stomach walls
Majority of it through the intestine walls
The rest excreted through urine, perspiration, or breath.
What happens to it?
Alcohol is changed to harmless waste by the liver
Liver can only process about one drink an hour
What is left builds up in the body
The more that is consumed the stronger the effects
Alcohol is measured by BAC. Blood Alcohol Concentration

4. How much is a Drink? One Half Ounce is considered a drink of alcohol.
1 beer
4-5 ounces of wine
1 shot
1 mixed drink

5. What is Alcohol? Alcohol is a toxin
A toxin is a poisonous substance to the body
If too much is consumed the stomach rejects it causing the individual to vomit.
The body tries to break down alcohol as fast as it can
Why would someone be drunk the next day?
Does coffee, fresh air, showers help with intoxication level?

6. BAC Factors that effect Blood Alcohol Content
Amount of alcohol consumed
Number of drinks and strength
Speed it is consumed
Faster increases BAC
Can be dangerous
Body weight
Bigger body=more blood
Percentage of body fat
Lean body tissue is more absorbent
Gender
Females
Less stomach enzymes to break down alcohol in stomach to enter blood stream.
Less lean body tissue

7. BAC More Factors Feelings Food eaten Other drugs in the system Age
Stress, anger, and fear can speed up the time it takes alcohol to enter the bloodstream
Food eaten
If someone has alcohol on an empty stomach the alcohol enters the bloodstream much faster.
Other drugs in the system
Tranquilizers and painkillers can heighten the effects of alcohol.
Age
Elderly people are more sensitive to the effects of alcohol
Carbonation
Carbonated beverages pass through the bloodstream faster then non-carbonated beverages.

8. Drinking Games and Hazing
Hazing-being forced to take part in dangerous or demanding activities to become a member of a club or group.
Some teens have died
They are against the law in most states and also against most school rules
Drinking games can be dangerous because it can cause binge drinking.
Binge drinking
Consuming large amounts of alcohol in a short time.

9. What happens as BAC Increases?
0.02-feel relaxed
0.05-speech may slur, decreased coordination and reaction time.
Reasoning, judgment, self control, muscular coordination and reaction time are seriously slowed.
.12-confused and disoriented. May start to vomit.
.2-emotions are unpredictable and may change drastically.
.3- little or no control/most people can not stay awake during this time.
.4-likely to become unconscious. Breathing and heart rate slow. Death can occur.
.5-people may enter deep coma and die.

10. How Alcohol affects the Body
Nervous system
Impairs the brain and other parts of the nervous system, such as nerve cells.
May cause blackouts, seizures, and dementia
Digestive system
Ulcer open sore on the skin or on a mucus membrane.
Alcohol increases the secretion of stomach acids.
Liver disease-three stages
1st stage- the liver becomes enlarged with fatty tissue.
2nd stage- liver swells even more because of alcohol hepatitis.
Can cause serious illness or death
3rd stage-can cause cirrhosis which is when there is chronic damage to liver cells.
Can cause liver failure or death.
Only way to treat advanced stages is to have a liver transplant
Reproductive system
During puberty it can
postpone menstruation for women
Decrease size of testes for men

11. How Alcohol affects the Body
Immune system
Depresses the function of the immune system
Long term drinking lowers the number of infection fighting cells in the body.
Cardiovascular
May damage cardiovascular organs
Increased risk for
Cardiovascular disease
High blood pressure
Stroke
Skeletal System
Makes the body lose calcium
Long term?
Urinary system
Long term can increase kidney failure

12. Drinking During Pregnancy
Drinking alcohol any time during pregnancy is very dangerous for the baby.
It will always reach the baby through the blood stream
Increases the risk of miscarriage and stillbirth
More likely to have babies with a low birth weight
Newborns can go through withdrawal symptoms if their mothers drink during the latter part of pregnancy
(FAS) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome-Babies born with severe birth defects because mother was drinking during pregancy
Small slit eyes
Small head
Delayed physical and mental growth

13. Thinking and Decision Making in Regards to Alcohol
Changes decisions
May not follow standards, morals, beliefs
Break the law
Cause harm physically and socially
Break household rules
Makes you feel invincible
Cause physical harm i.e.…..jumping of a roof
Intensify sexual feelings
Heightens the risk for STD’s

14. Thinking and Decision Making in Regards to Alcohol
Slows reaction time and coordination
Different activities or even walking down the street.
More aggressive
Violence is much more prevalent when alcohol is involved
Intensify emotions
Whatever you would feel normally is almost doubled when alcohol is involved
Suicide attempts

15. Thinking and Decision Making in Regards to Alcohol
False sense of self confidence
Social crutch
Hangover
Headache
Increased sensitivity to light
Vomiting
Irritability
Blackouts
Have no recollection of what happened for periods of time
Increased chances for alcoholism for teens

16. Violence Domestic violence Rape
Many cases of domestic violence involve alcohol.
Rape
When alcohol or other drugs are involved the chances for rape increase
Again Why?

17. Laws Under 21 21 or over Underage drinking starts at .02 BAC
Drivers under 21 are legally drunk at .02 or more BAC
21 or over
Drivers are legally drunk at .08 BAC or more
Public Drunkenness
If acting intoxicated
No set BAC level

18. Alcoholism A physical and physiological dependence on alcohol.
Not all alcoholics drink everyday
Binge drinking alcoholics
Functioning alcoholics
Hard to cure
Denial-acceptance is the first step
Withdrawal
Nauseous
Anxious
Agitated
Tremor or “the shakes”
vomiting

19. Getting Help
Alcoholism is a disease, like most diseases it can be treated
Alcoholics need treatment, usually short and long term
Alcoholics anonymous or AA is the most common
Signs that show higher risk individuals for alcoholism
Genetics
Childhood behavior
Psychiatric Disorders
Self-esteem
Parents

20. Advertisement When are they?
What are the people in the advertisements doing and how do they look?
Do they inspire loyalty?
How are they advertised?
What do they try and make you think?

21. Peer Pressure What are some tips for saying NO?
What is the best way to not have peer pressure to drink alcohol or do drugs?
Does who you associate with affect what you will be around?

22. With a Partner
Write down a scenario where someone would receive peer pressure do drink.
Then give several ways the individual could say no.