1. Development of ITS Radio communication in Japan to realize the integrated ITS On Board Unit (OBU) and to support the road vehicle cooperative system DOCUMENT #:GSC13-PLEN-16 FOR:Presentation SOURCE: AGENDA ITEM: CONTACT(S): Submission Date: July 1, 2008 ARIB (Kudoh Consulting Co. Ltd.) kudohy@js2.so-net.ne.jp GSC13 6.7

2. 2 Current status of ITS radio services in Japan. –VICS (Vehicle Information and Communication System) The number of VICS on-board devices sold in Japan reached 20.4 million units as of Dec. 2007. –Car navigation systems Over 29.4 million units of car navigation systems have been sold as of Dec. 2007. –ETC (Electronic Toll Collection) The total number of ETC set-up issued on-board units (OBU) reached 23.2 million as of May 2008. –Telematics Toyota Motor’s “G-Book,” Honda Motor’s “InterNavi Premium Club” and Nissan Motor’s “Carwings.” –Terrestrial digital TV broadcasting One segment of terrestrial digital TV broadcasting (ISDB-T), Around 30 million mobile phones accommodate one-segment receiver. Highlight of Current Activities (1)

3. 3 Highlight of Current Activities (2) Activities related to ITS radio communication, in particular DSRC (Dedicated short-range communication). –Development of standards for DSRC multiple applications Application Sub Layer to extend the function of the existing DSRC to support multiple applications, and DSRC basic application interface to extend non-networks application in vehicles.(Developed in ARIB) –Development of Integrated ITS OBU Multiple ITS applications supported by a single OBU. Applications: Charge settlement (at Tollbooth, Gas station, Parking area), Navigation, Information provision, Access control, etc. (Standard specification published by Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association) –Research and development for road vehicle cooperative system for safety and environment, Field Operational Test (FOT) in late 2008 FY.

4. 4 Strategic Direction (1) Realize DSRC multiple applications –Objective: EFC as the key application to introduce ITS services in vehicles, other applications should be supported. –Standards: Available –Observation 1 : Renewal of the exiting OBU by the next generation OBU is needed, though considerable number of ITS applications can be supported by the existing OBU. (Over 23 million ETC units are installed in vehicles as of May 2008) –Observation 2 : Except for ETC, DSRC market is not mature. Market development for profitable DSRC services is needed. –Direction : ETC usage already reduces CO2 emissions considerably at toll plazas.Information provision system utilizing the OBU will contribute to the issues of environment and safety in urban area. (In Tokyo metropolitan area, most of the private vehicles and commercial vehicles are equipped with ETC)

5. 5 Strategic Direction (2) Develop integrated ITS OBU –Objective: A variety of applications should be supported by a single OBU primarily based on DSRC but integrating navigation system utilizing VICS media (IR beacon, FM broadcast, 2.4GHz microwave, GPS). –Standard specification: Available –Observation 1 : Except for FM broadcast and GPS (Navigation system), dedicated road-side infrastructures are needed. –Observation 2 : Market is not mature –Direction: Integration of ubiquitous media such as cellular radio and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) with DSRC will be necessary in the future.

6. 6 Challenges Develop road vehicle cooperative system –Challenge: Support the IT Strategic Headquarters’ challenge, “Reducing the number of traffic accident fatalities to fewer than 5,000 by the end of 2012.” Achieve the world's safest road transportation through cooperative vehicle safety support systems. –Requirements: Critical communication media (Highly reliable and low latency, i.e. DSRC) is required. Public-private sector cooperation is indispensable for deploying infrastructure. –Issues: Many issues to be solved. - Efficient use of frequency, Suitable frequency band, etc. - Diffusion vs. effect - Standardization, Legal liability, Privacy, Business strategy, etc. –FOT (Field Operational Test): FOT planed in late FY2008

7. 7 Next Steps/Actions Road vehicle cooperative system –Support the national challenge on environment and safety from the radio communications’ standpoint. Integrated ITS OBU –Research the integration of wide-area technologies such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems and Cellular Communications Networks without relying on dedicated road- side infrastructure. EETS (European Electronic Toll Service ） under development might be a good example

8. 8 Supplemental Slides

9. 9 Contents ▪ Growth of the number of car navigation systems and VICS on-board devices ▪ ETC in Japan ▪ DSRC Multiple Applications ▪ Integrated ITS On Board Unit ▪ ITS-Safety 2010 (National project) ▪ Vehicle safety system under development ▪ Proposed Vehicle safety spectrum ▪ ITS radiocommunication Standardization in Japan ▪ Standards related to DSRC ▪ Technical Specifications of DSRC in Japan ▪ Outline of VICS ▪ Digital terrestrial broadcasting system in Japan

10. 10 Number of car navigation systems sold Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

11. 11 Number of VICS on-board devices sold Source: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

12. 12 ETC in Japan Service Providers: Six expressway companies and local toll road operators (around 20) Number of toll plazas: 1,360 as of the end of June 2008 (3,370 toll lanes), plus more than 90 newly introduced Smart Interchanges (ETC dedicated simplified gates) Number of OBU (On Board Unit): 23.2 million* as of the end of May 2008 *Total of Set-up issued Vehicles

13. 13 Expressway in Japan East Nippon Expressway Company Central Nippon Expressway Company West Nippon Expressway Company Metropolitan Expressway Company Hanshin Expressway Company Honshu-Shikoku Bridge Expressway Company Six expressway companies and local toll road operators (around 20)

14. 14 Features of Japanese ETC (1) Nation-wide interoperable system. (2) 5.8GHz-band active DSRC system to enable flexible zone forming and highly reliable communication in the zone. (3) "Two-piece" On Board Equipment composed of an OBU (On board unit) and an IC card for future functional extension. (4) Highly secure system to prevent fraudulent use.

15. 15 Growth of the number of ETC 2002 2003200420052006 4 2 ６ 8 10 12 14 16 2007 100 50 150 200 250 Lowest price (US$) 2008 4 2 ６ 8 10 12 14 0 20 Number of set-up issued OBU (million units) Number of Set-up issued OBUs: 23.2 million as of end-May 2008 Average ETC utilization ratio: Over 70% since October 2007

16. 16 DSRC Multiple Applications DSRC Applications Gas Station Information Providing (High-speed driving) Convenience Store Information Providing (Stationary) Zone Tolling Drive Through Logistics Management Parking Management Car Ferry Fare Automatic Check-in & Settlement Information Station at Convenience Store Settlements System Gas Pumping Stand Information Support System Settlements System Drive Through Shopping Settlements System Electronic Advertisements Trucks & Trailers Logistics Management System Driver Support Private Store, Parking Garage, etc. Taxies Management System

17. 17 Concept of application Sub Layer (ASL) Existing application DSRC ASL Network application Non-Network application TCP/IP or local port Service of DSRC Existing DSRC Application Sub-Layer Application Sub Layer (DSRC-ASL) Developed in ARIB, Japan (ARIB STD-T88) for easy deployment of multi application for the existing DSRC. ASL utilizes multi functional service offered by DSRC Layer 7 for client / server type communication control.

18. 18 DSRC basic application interface Applying DSRC to other services, especially non-networks applications in vehicles, such as charge payment settlement using IC card and information providing services to high speed vehicles has been requested. DSRC Basic Application Interface placed between Local Port Control Protocol of Application Sub Layer and Non-Network Applications, controls the resources of On Board Equipment in vehicles from Road Side Equipment. DSRC Basic Application Interface provides following functions. (a) OBE Indications / Response.(b) OBE Memory Access. (c) IC Card Access. (d) Push Type Information Delivery. (e) OBE ID Communication. (f) OBE Basic Indication.

19. 19 Multiple Application in OBU

20. 20 Protocol configuration of integrated ITS OBU (an example)

21. 21 Multiple ITS applications supported by a single OBU Information provision OBU Gas station Parking area En-routeTollboothGas station Parking area Charge settlement Entrance/Exit management Car navigation ・ In-vehicle monitor SpeakerCommon antenna DSRC beacon Source: HIDO (Highway Industry Development Organization)

22. 22 Smartway 2007 Demo (14-17, October) Metropolitan Expressway Source: HIDO (Highway Industry Development Organization)

23. 23 World’s safest Road traffic environment J-Safety Committee, ITS Japan ITS Promotion Council Ministries and Agency, Organizations, Academia Harmonization between Private-Public Sectors Proposal Cooperation Contribution for deployment Exchange Opinion Harmonization between Private-Public Sectors ITS-Safety 2010: Public-Private Co-operations January, 2006 IT Strategic Head Quarters, Cabinet Secretariat New IT Reform Strategy New IT Reform Strategy: Achieve the world's safest road transportation through cooperative vehicle safety support systems. ITS-Safety 2010: National project for its implementation.

24. 24 ITS-Safety 2010: Organization ITS Promotion Council Working Group J-Safety Committee Steering Committee Advantageous Effect Evaluation SC Prevalence Promotion SC ITS Japan NPA Road Bureau, MLIT Road Transport Bureau, MLIT MIC METI Japan Business Federation Toyota, Nissan, Honda, Hitachi, Oki, NEC 15 Companies and 6 ITS Organizations International Relationship and Architecture SC Chair: Fukushima, Nissan Chair: Amano, Toyota Chair: Oyama, Hitachi Field Operations Test WG Toyota, Nissan, Honda, Mazda SC: Sub Committee NPA : National Police Agency MLIT: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism MIC: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications METI: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Cabinet Secretariat

25. 25 ITS-Safety 2010: Roadmap

26. 26 Vehicle safety system under development Vehicle-to-Vehicle communications system and Road-to-Vehicle communications system Millimeter wave radar system to sense the distance between vehicles or vehicle and obstacles. UHF band for vehicle to vehicle communications 5.8GHz band for road to vehicle communications 78-81GHz for millimeter wave radar Overview Proposed Frequency band Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications

27. 27 Proposed Vehicle safety spectrum ( Telecommunications Council Report) Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications From July 25, 2011 GB 10 MHZ

28. 28 ITS radiocommunication Standardization in Japan

29. 29 Standards related to DSRC ARIB Standards: ARIB STD-T75: Dedicated Short-Range Communication System. ARIB TR-T16: Dedicated Short-Range Communication System. Test Items and Conditions for Mobile Station Compatibility Confirmation. ARIB STD-T88: Application Sub Layer for DSRC. ARIB TR-T17: Dedicated Short-Range Communication System. Test Items and Conditions for Compatibility Confirmation for Mobile Station using Application Sub Layer for DSRC. ITS FORUM RC004: Dedicated Short-Range Communication System. Guideline for a DSRC basic application interface. International standards: ITU-R M.1453-2: Intelligent transport systems - Dedicated short range communications at 5.8 GHz. (Revised in June 2005 reflecting ARIB STD- T75 and ARIB STD-T88 standards) ISO 15628: Intelligent transport systems - Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) - DSRC application layer (Feb. 2007)

30. 30 Technical Specifications of DSRC in Japan Source: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications

31. 31 VICS (vehicle information and communication system) Outline of VICS

32. 32 Digital terrestrial broadcasting system DTTB Digit al Terrestrial Television Broadcasting DSB Digit al Sound Broadcasting Services and usage of ISDB-T/TSB transmission signals