2. ترجمـة اعـلاميـة المحاضرة الاولى 11 ـــ 12.30
المحاضرة الاولى ـــ 12.30
لمحة تعريفية عامة حول المنهج .
البدء بإعطاء بإعطاء تعريف عام للترجمة ، الترجمة الاعلامية.
تفسير بعض المصطلحات ذات العلاقة بالتعريف مثل : ـ
* لغة المصدرـ لغة الهدف
Source& target L .
* المعنى المجرد للكلمة والمعنى الضمني لها.
Denotation & connotation .

3. ترجمـة اعـلاميـة المحاضرة الثانية : 12.3 ــ 2.00 عرض لأنواع الترجمة :
المحاضرة الثانية : 12.3 ــ 2.00
عرض لأنواع الترجمة :
* ترجمة شفوية :
. ترجمة فورية .
. ترجمة تتابعيه .
* ترجمة تحريرية :
. ترجمة حرفية.
. ترجمة أدبية ( بلاغية )
. ترجمة تلخيصية .
. ترجمة حرة ( بتصرف )
صفات المترجم .

4. Definition of Translation
- Translation is a process of transferring meaning from one language to another.
- It’s a process of transferring messages from one language to another, and also viewed as an art of communication with clarity, style and precision.
ـ أى أن الترجمة هى عملية نقل المحتوى أو رسالة معينة من لغة الى لغة
أخرى .
In this definition there are 3 key words:
1- Transferring
2-Meaning
3-Language

5. 1-Transferring
Transferring: Transferring the massage or the meaning means I have 2 kinds :
Interlingual Communication: this kind of communication includes the involvement of 2 languages , means to transfer the meaning from one language to another different language. i.e. to translate from Arabic to English or from English to French.. 2 languages are involved here Arabic and English or English and French.
Intralingual Communication :This kind includes exercising within the same language, means words or meanings are not transferred to a different language ,we deal with the meaning within the same language either by explanation or paraphrasing or interpretation.

6. 2-Meaning
The meaning is also divided into 2 terms:
Denotation: which means the basic or original meaning of the word .(abstract meaning or literal meaning)
ex. die, friend.
Connotation: where the word may also have a certain feeling or emotion associated with it. Here appears shades of meaning added to the original meaning or the denotation meaning.
Ex. Die (denotation)=pass away (connotation, means die with a positive shade that doesn’t exist in die ), martyrized (connotation it has the abstract meaning of die with a religious shade).

7. 3-Language
Language is the third key word in the definition of translation because in translation we deal with 2 languages:
Source Language: which is the original language in which the text is written . SL is the language we translate from .
Target Language: is the other language which we translate into (TL). Ex. If we translate from English into Arabic, then English is the SL and Arabic is the TL.

8. Translation has 2 main types: * Written translation * Oral translation
Types of Translation
Translation has 2 main types:
* Written translation
* Oral translation

9. Written Translation Written translation has many techniques:
1-Literal translation:
means word for word translation with some difference.
2-Metaphorical translation:
Mainly used in literature, and in advertising in Media.
3-Precis translation:
Gives a brief or a conclusion, a glimpse of the text, usually used in news reports and news agencies.
4-Adaption or free translation:
To translate freely ,making some changes or modifications that don’t affect the original meaning.
This last method is the one adopted in media translation.

10. Interpretation
Interpretation is the second type of translation which means oral translation. Interpretation is also divided into 2 main kinds :
Consecutive: means telling or saying 2-3 sentences then give the chance to the interpreter to translate them to the other side before going on.
Simultaneous: means translating to the target language at the same time of source language speaking, no gab time is given.

11. Examples of various types of written translation:
Literal trans. : Differs than word for word trans. that it takes the sentence structure in consideration.
- Ali bought a blue shirt.
- على اشترى أزرق قميص X
- اشترى على قميص ازرق .
- strong tea .
- شاى قوى . X
- شاى ثقيل .
- Heavy smoker
Metaphorical trans. :we translate the SL metaphors into TL metaphors . Ex. His hair is salt and pepper.
That old building is having a facelift.
Precise trans. : just give a summary of the text.
Adaptation trans. : Like most Shakespearian plays have been adapted into Arabic, and A thousand and one Nights has also been adapted into English.

12. - In metaphorical translation we translate the SL metaphors into TL
- In metaphorical translation we translate the SL metaphors into TL. Metaphors .
* That old building is having a facelift
تتعرض تلك البناية القديمة لعملية تجميل .
لقد ابتسم لها القدر.
* Destiny smiled to her.
- In precise trans. We give a summary of the text .
- Adaptation where SL is freely translated into TL. like most Shakespearean plays have bean adapted into Arabic and A thousand and One Night has also been adapted into English .

13. The characteristics of a good interpreter:
1. A perfect knowledge of both SL & TL.
المعرفة التامة بكلتا اللغتين .
2. Power of concentration
- قوة التركيز .
3. Excellent memory .
- ذاكره قوية .
4. General knowledge and culture .
المعلومات العامة والثقافة
5. Tact and Diplomacy.
واللباقة والدبلوماسية .
6. Stamina.
جلد وقوة تحمل .
7. Pleasant voice and the art of public speaking .
الصوت الحسن وفن الخطابة .
8. Physical and psychological integrity .
السلامة الجسمانية والنفسية .
9. Intuition and quick reactions to situations .
سرعة البديهة وردود الفعل تجاه المواقف .