1. Organization of the elements Families and periods of the Periodic Table

3. Periodic Table Family Photo Album
How do we know who is in the same family?
They are usually in the same group (vertical column) on the periodic table.
They have similar properties and atomic structures

4. Families on the Periodic Table
Columns are grouped into families.
Families may be one column, or several columns put together.
Families have names rather than the group numbers. (Just like your family has a common last name.)

5. How many groups (families)
Important Features of the Periodic Table: Group (Family)
each column of elements on the periodic table
How many groups (families)
are on the
Periodic Table
Of Elements?
FROM TOP TO BOTTOM OR BOTTOM TO THE TOP

6. Group (Family) Properties
Eighteen groups on the periodic table (numbered from left to right)
Atomic numbers and atomic masses increase as you move from the top down in a group (family)
Atoms of elements in the same group have the same number of electrons in the outer orbitals/levels of their atoms (known as valence electrons)
Exceptions:
Transition elements (3-12)
Hydrogen (could be 1 or 17)
Helium (actually has 2 valence electrons)
Elements in groups usually have similar physical and chemical properties

7. Examples of Group Elements with the same # of valence electrons
                          
How many electrons do each of these atoms have in their outer orbital/level? 87 Fr
(223) 55 Cs 37 Rb
85.468 19 K
39.098 11 Na
22.990 3 Li
6.941 1 H
1.008 + -
What group (family) do these elements reside in?

8. Group (Family) Names Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Noble Gases
Boron Group
Carbon Group
Nitrogen Group
Oxygen Group
Halogens
Transition Metals

9. Important Features of the Periodic Table: Period (Row)
each horizontal row of elements on the periodic table
How many
periods (rows)
are on the
Periodic Table
Of Elements?
FROM LEFT TO RIGHT OR RIGHT TO LEFT

10. Period (Row) Properties
Seven periods on a periodic table (numbered from the top down)
Atomic numbers and atomic masses increase as you move from the left to the right in a period
All atoms of the elements in the same period have the same number of orbitals/levels
Example
Period 1 = 1 orbital
Period 2 = 2 orbitals
Period 3 = 3 orbitals
Etc…

11. Valence electrons-How many electrons are in the outermost shell?Si Ge

12. Examples of Period (Row) elements having the same number of orbitals/levels in their atoms+ - + -
In what period (row) do
you think these atoms
reside? + - + -
In what period (row) do
you think these atoms
reside?

13. Identify the Element Period 5 – Group 2  Group 4 – Period 7 
Rutherfordium - Rf
Strontium - Sr
Carbon - C
Astatine - At

14. Using the Periodic Table
The boxes that make up the periodic table contain a significant amount of information. To understand this information, it is necessary to refer to the periodic table’s key(s) 8 O
Oxygen
15.999
Atomic Number
(Number of protons)
Element Symbol
(Written with a capital letter or a capital followed by a lower case if two letters )
Element Name
Atomic Mass
(Rounded to a whole number, equals
the number of protons and neutrons)
Class
Color
Metal
Non-Metal
Metalloid
State
Room Temp.)
Symbol Color
Solid
Liquid
Gas
What is Oxygen’s physical state of matter?
Which class does Oxygen fall into?

15. Families of the Periodic Table

16. Families of Elements- Color your table
Hydrogen (all alone)
1 Alkali Metals
2 Alkaline Earth Metals
3-12 Transition Metals
13 The Boron Family
14 The Carbon Group
15 The Nitrogen Group
16 The Oxygen Group
17 The Halogens
18 The Noble Gases
Lanthanide Series
Actinide Series
Families of Elements- Color your table