2.  Studies have shown that reading instruction effectiveness does not lie with any one program. It is when an effective teacher caters to a child’s needs that true progress can be made.

3.  Believes that all children can read and write.  Make connections to children’s previous experiences.  Use a variety of teaching techniques.  Offers a variety of literature materials.  Tailor instruction to individual students.  Acts as a reading coach and provides helpful strategies.

4.  Students must be motivated.  Students must be taught word attacking strategies.  Students must develop comprehension.  Students must be part of an integrated curriculum.  Students must participate in effective assessment strategies.

5. Phonemic Awareness  The Primary focus of phonics instruction is to help beginning readers link letters to sound.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Yti78OG xg0&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Yti78OG xg0&feature=related

6.  Is one of many tools.  Necessary to read and write.  Phonics can be reinforced during shared reading and writing.  Can easily be assessed during writing time.  Can be easily implemented through fun and meaningful text.  Norton pg 170-171

7.  1. Hooked on Phonics http://www.hookedonphonics.com/learntore adcontent/?ShowPopup=0&gclid=CImE7au59 KQCFUhY2godmGeahw http://www.hookedonphonics.com/learntore adcontent/?ShowPopup=0&gclid=CImE7au59 KQCFUhY2godmGeahw  2. Go Phonics  http://www.gophonics.com/ http://www.gophonics.com/  3. Reading Horizons  http://www.readinghorizons.com/ http://www.readinghorizons.com/

8.  By age five a child with normal language development may know more than 5,000 words.  Young children need the opportunities to listen to stories, poetry, and riddles.  Vocabulary can be taught by indirect and direct instruction.

9.  Words are shown and discussed.  Words are taught by associating them with a variety of concepts.  Words may be contrasted to show relationships.  http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=By38E Ly8p4Q&feature=rela ted http://www.youtube. com/watch?v=By38E Ly8p4Q&feature=rela ted

10.  Students can see words in context while reading. This helps them decode the word and understand its proper meaning.

11.  Concept Books can be used to teach the meaning of many common vocabulary words.  These books rely on illustrations to help children understand the meaning of words.  Books come in a varying degree of difficulty.

12.  Journal writing and learning logs may be used to help students use the vocabulary they learn in reading and spelling.  Students must be taught context clues

13.  Definition  “grassland gave way to tundra, frozen land where only sedges, moss, and lichens may grow.

14.  Comparison  Summary  Familiar Expression  Experience  Synonym

15.  Emphasizes the important of activating prior knowledge.  Pre-reading and many pre-reading strategies are used to activate the prior knowledge needed by the students.

18.  Units of study centered around a theme.

19.  Donna E. Norton. The Effective Teaching of Language Arts, 6 th edition. Copyright 2004. Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle, New Jersey.  Go Phonics. http://www.gophonics.com. Accessed Oct, 11, 2010.http://www.gophonics.com  Hooked on Phonics. http://www.hookedonphonics.com/learntoreadc ontent/?ShowPopup=0&gclid=CImE7au59KQCF UhY2godmGeahw. Accessed Oct, 11 th 2010. http://www.hookedonphonics.com/learntoreadc ontent/?ShowPopup=0&gclid=CImE7au59KQCF UhY2godmGeahw

20.  Phonemic Awareness. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Yti78OG xg0&feature=related. Accessed Oct, 10th 2010.  Reading Horizons. http://www.readinghorizons.com. Accessed Oct, 11, 2010. http://www.readinghorizons.com  Say what you see! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=By38ELy 8p4Q&feature=related. Accessed Oct 14, 2010. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=By38ELy 8p4Q&feature=related