1. COMPLEMENTS English 7CP Mr. Snow

2. COMPLEMENTS: Overview verbA. A complement is a word or word group that completes the meaning of a verb. Every sentence has a subject and a verb. But some sentences need complements in order to be complete. –Dr. Charles Drew made [made what?] –Dr. Charles Drew made advances in the study of blood plasma.

3. COMPLEMENTS: Overview –Medical societies honored [honored whom?] –Medical societies honored him. –Dr. Drew’s research was [was what?] –Dr. Drew’s research was important. An adverb is never a complement. –The package is here. [not a complement because here is modifying the verb is] –The package is heavy. [complement]

4. DIRECT OBJECTS B. A direct object is a noun, pronoun, or word group that tells who or what receives the action of a verb. –A direct object answers the question Whom? or What? after a transitive verb. Remember transitive verbs? They are the verbs that carry energy from one source to another.

5. DIRECT OBJECTS You can think of a direct object as the thing into which the verb carries the energy. –I punched a wall. [punched what?] –I punched a wall. –I met Dr. Mason. [met whom?] –I met Dr. Mason. –My uncle repairs engines and sells them. [repairs what? and sells what?] –My uncle repairs engines and sells them.

6. DIRECT OBJECTS Linking verbs express no action, so they never take direct objects. –She was a sculptor. [sculptor is NOT the direct object of was—was carries no energy] Direct objects are never in prepositional phrases. –She worked with the clay. [no direct object, because with the clay is a prepositional phrase] –She worked the clay. [now clay is the direct object of the transitive verb worked]

7. INDIRECT OBJECTS C. An indirect object is a noun, pronoun, or word group that sometimes appears in sentences containing direct objects. An indirect object tells to whom/to what or for whom/for what the verb is done. –You can think of an indirect object as being the thing/person who receives the direct object.

8. INDIRECT OBJECTS There is good news: Sentences with indirect objects follow the same pattern: subject, main verb, indirect object, direct object. –The waiter gave her the bill. –Pam left the waiter a tip. –Did she tip him five dollars or ten dollars? –Either way, she gave him a generous amount.

9. INDIRECT OBJECTS Just like direct objects, indirect objects cannot appear in prepositional phrases. –The captain gave the crew orders. [crew is the indirect object] –The captain gave orders to the crew. [no indirect object, because to the crew is a prepositional phrase] –Mom made us lasagna. [us is the indirect object] –Mom made lasagna for us. [no indirect object—for is the beginning of a prepositional phrase]

10. Okay, so… indirect objects linking verbsIf direct objects and indirect objects can’t follow linking verbs, what can? Subject compliments! predicateD. A subject compliment is a word or word group in the predicate that identifies or describes the subject.

11. SUBJECT COMPLEMENTS E. A predicate nominative is a word or word group that is in the predicate and that identifies the subject. Predicate nominatives complete linking verbs (remember, direct objects couldn’t). –A dictionary is a valuable tool. [tool is a predicate nominative that identifies the subject, dictionary.] –The winner of the race was she. [she is a predicate nominative identifying the subject, winner.]

12. The second subject complement: F. A predicate adjective is an adjective that is in the predicate and that describes the subject. A predicate adjective is connected to the subject by a linking verb. –Cold milk tastes good on a hot day. –The pita bread was light and delicious. –How kind you are! SUBJECT COMPLEMENTS

13. FIN