1. TENSES
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

2. The Importance of Time Tense expresses the time of an event or action.
Time and how it is expressed in writing is very important to English readers.
The English language has twelve different tenses.
In this lesson, we will review the meaning of each verb tense.
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

3. The Simple Present Tense
Expresses a habit or often repeated action.
Adverbs of frequency such as, often, seldom, sometimes, never, etc. are used with this tense.
May be used to describe routines/habits etc.
She goes to work everyday.
They always eat lunch together.
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

4. The Simple Present Tense
Also expresses universal truths /general facts…
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
Snow falls in the December in Kashmir.
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

5. The Simple Present Tense
Is also used to describe objects, people and places.
For example:
This is my car. It is a Maruti ALTO car. Its colour is white. It is a diesel car. It costs around 4 lakh rupee.
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

6. Describe this scene using Simple Present Tense
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

7. The Simple Present Tense
Can also be used to describe an action or activity that is in progress (‘going on’) at the present time.
For example:
Shoaib Akhtar bowls a full toss delivery. Tendulkar hits it for four.
Note:
You will find this kind of usage mostly in running commentaries.
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

8. And finally,
Simple Present Tense is also used to make in newspaper headlines to make them more catchy and dramatic.
For example:
India beats South Africa by 10 wickets.
Prime Minister inaugurates the new airport.
Minister visits relief camp.
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

9. Remember…
In simple present tense, always put ‘s’ or ‘es’ at the end of the verb if the subject, i.e., the doer is a third person (like he, she, it) and singular in number.
e.g. He goes to school. / Hari loves ice-cream.
But – We play guitar. (not plays).
I watch action movies. (not watches).
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

10. The Present Progressive
This tense is used to describe an action that is occurring right now (at this moment, today, this year, etc.). The action has begun and is still in progress.
She is typing a paper for her class. He can’t talk. He is fixing the sink right now.
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

11. The Present Progressive
The present progressive can also be used to describe an action that is occurring in the present, but is temporary.
Ganesh is living in Delhi, but he might move soon.
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

12. (Now he is going to visit another country)
The Present Perfect
The present perfect is used -
To talk about an event that was completed in the past, but the specific time of the event is not important. However, it is suggested that the completed action has some relevance to the present.
I have seen that movie before. (and want to see it again.)
He has already visited Pakistan.
(Now he is going to visit another country)
(Specific dates and times are not mentioned. However, the relevance to the present is obvious.)
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

13. Present Perfect Progressive
This tense is used to describe/ emphasize the duration of an action that began in the past and continues into the present.
He has been studying grammar for an hour.
She has been cooking all day.
(He is still studying and she is still cooking.)
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

14. Present Perfect Progressive
This tense is also used to describe events that have been in progress recently and are rather temporary.
She has been living in Pune for the last two months, but she plans to move soon.
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

15. The Simple Past
We use the simple past to indicate exactly when an action or event took place in the past.
I visited my sister yesterday.
We went out to dinner last night.
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

16. The Simple Past
The simple past can also be used to describe actions and/or events that happened regularly in the past.
Used to and Would can also be used to denote past habits/routines.
I played cricket regularly when I was in college.
(I no longer play cricket regularly.)
I used to see a movie every weekend when I was a teenager.
(I don’t see movies very much anymore.)
I would go to the library everyday when I was a student.
(I am not a student now.)
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

17. The Past Progressive
The past progressive is used to talk about an activity that was in progress at a specific point of time in the past. The emphasis is on the duration of the activity in the past.
I was studying for an exam while my mother was cooking dinner.
We were walking in the park around 7 p.m. last night.
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

18. The Past Progressive I was taking a bath when the doorbell rang.
The past progressive is often used with the simple past to show that one action was in progress when another action occurred.
I was taking a bath when the doorbell rang.
They were eating dinner when the neighbors stopped by for a visit.
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

19. Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G. S
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

20. The Past Perfect
This tense describes completed events that took place in the past before another past event.
had received
had eaten
it hit
my friend stopped by
The Titanic had received many warnings before it hit the iceberg.
I had already eaten when my friend stopped by to visit.
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

21. she found the right office
Past Perfect Progressive
This tense is used to emphasize the duration of an action that was completed before another action or event in the past.
had been driving
she found the right office
She had been driving around the city for three hours before she finally found the right office.
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

22. The Future My brother will graduate in June.
Will and be + going + to are often used to describe future actions.
My brother will graduate in June.
Indira is going to buy a new house next year.
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

23. The Future She is meeting a new client at eleven o’clock.
The simple present and present progressive are also used to express future time. These are often used in connection with schedules.
She is meeting a new client at eleven o’clock.
The train leaves at 6:00 a.m. tomorrow.
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

24. The Future Progressive
This tense is used to describe an event or action that will occur over a period of time at a specific point in the future.
at 10 a.m. tomorrow
by the time you arrive
The teacher will be teaching Maths at 10 a.m. tomorrow.
They will be moving their furniture out of the house by the time you arrive tomorrow.
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

25. The Future Perfect
This tense is used to describe an event or action that will be completed before another event or time in the future.
will have finished the exam
class ends
We will have finished the exam by the time class ends tomorrow.
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

26. Future Perfect Progressive
This tense describes an action that has been in progress for a duration of time before another event or time in the future.
finishes law school
will have been living in the U.S. for eight years
By the time he finishes law school, we will have been living in the U.S. for eight years.
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

27. LANGUAGE LEARNING IS HABIT FORMATION.
Remember...
Most non-native users of English make mistakes with tenses in spoken as well as written English.
The best way to avoid these mistakes is to READ and LISTEN TO correct usage of English and practice it as often as you can.
REMEMBER…
LANGUAGE LEARNING IS HABIT FORMATION.
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

28. Exercise I …… (go) to the city library everyday.
I…..(go) there since my childhood.
I…..(go) there even when my exams were going on.
Since last two months I….. (read) only English novels.
But I…..(read) quite a few Marathi novels also.
Yesterday I ….. (read) Chetan Bhagat’s novel when my friend came.
But before that, I….. (complete) my homework.
Previously….. (visiting) another library before I….. (find) this one.
I….. (visit) the library at 6 p.m. tomorrow.
I ….. (come) to the library even after 20 years.
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

29. Answers I go to the city library everyday.
I have been going there since my childhood.
I used to go/ would go/ went there even when my exams were going on.
Since last two months I have been reading only English novels.
But I have read quite a few Marathi novels also.
Yesterday I was reading Chetan Bhagat’s novel when my friend came.
But before that I had completed my homework.
Previously I had been visiting another library before I found this one.
I will visit the library at 6 p.m. tomorrow.
I will be coming to the library even after 20 years.
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.

30. Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G. S
Prithviraj Thakur, Department of English, G.S. Arts, Commerce and Science College, Khamgaon.