1. CH 11 History of Ancient Egypt 4500-500 BC 7.1.1 Identify and compare the rise of early agricultural river valley civilization in Africa and Asia. 7.1.2 Describe the achievement of ancient Egypt in art, architecture, religion, and government and the development of the concept of theocracy. 7.1.3. Trace steps in the development of written language, including the evolution of Egyptian hieroglyphics.

2. Section 1: Geography and Early Egypt: Gift of the Nile Nile River- begins in central Africa and runs north to Mediterranean Sea. Over 4,000 Miles Long Egypt developed over 750 mile stretch of the Nile

3. Physical Features of the Nile River Cataracts- rapids Cataracts- rapids Delta- triangle shaped area of land made from soil deposited by a river. Delta- triangle shaped area of land made from soil deposited by a river. Floods of the Nile- page 279 Floods of the Nile- page 279 Due to flooding it created a 13 mi wide fertile river valley surrounded by bleak desert sands. Due to flooding it created a 13 mi wide fertile river valley surrounded by bleak desert sands.

4. Nile is Life

5. 4500 BC Farmers living in small villages grew wheat and barely. Farmers living in small villages grew wheat and barely. Irrigation for Egypt were canals. Irrigation for Egypt were canals. Egyptian had an abundance of food, cattle, and fish. Egyptian had an abundance of food, cattle, and fish.

6. Upper Egypt Located in Southern Egypt Located in Southern Egypt Capital City- Nekhen (west bank of Nile) Capital City- Nekhen (west bank of Nile) King wore a cone-shaped white crown. King wore a cone-shaped white crown.

7. Upper and Lower Egypt

8. Lower Egypt Located in the North Located in the North Capital City- Pe Capital City- Pe King wore a red crown King wore a red crown

9. Menes Unified Upper and Lower Egypt Unified Upper and Lower Egypt His armies invaded Lower Egypt. He married a princess from Lower Egypt to strengthen the country. Built Capital City in Memphis (near the end of the delta where Lower Egypt met Upper Egypt Built Capital City in Memphis (near the end of the delta where Lower Egypt met Upper Egypt

10. Section 2 The Old Kingdom Old Kingdom- lasted about 500 years Old Kingdom- lasted about 500 years 2700-2200 BC 2700-2200 BC Old Kingdom = Third Dynasty Old Kingdom = Third Dynasty Great Resource

11. Social Hierarchy Pharaoh Pharaoh Nobles Nobles Scribe and Craftspeople Scribe and Craftspeople Farmers, Servants, and Slaves Farmers, Servants, and Slaves

13. Egyptian Religion Polytheist Polytheist Re, or Amon- Red, the sun god Re, or Amon- Red, the sun god Osiris, the god of the underworld Osiris, the god of the underworld Isis, the goddess of magic/life Isis, the goddess of magic/life Horus, the sky god; god of the pharaohs Horus, the sky god; god of the pharaohs Thoth, the god of wisdom Thoth, the god of wisdom Geb, the Earth god Geb, the Earth god

15. Afterlife Afterlife- life after death Afterlife- life after death Was a happy place Was a happy place Ka (Kah) life-force or spirit Ka (Kah) life-force or spirit Tombs filled with objects for the afterlife Tombs filled with objects for the afterlife

16. Tombs Filled with Objects

17. Mummies Mummies- specially treated bodies wrapped in cloth. Mummies- specially treated bodies wrapped in cloth. Embalming- a method to slow the was process of decaying down for many years. Embalming- a method to slow the was process of decaying down for many years. Why did Egyptians mummify? Why did Egyptians mummify? Egyptians thought the body needed to be preserved so the spirit could recognize the body. Egyptians thought the body needed to be preserved so the spirit could recognize the body.

18. How Mummies were made? How to Wrap

19. Pyramids Huge, stone tombs with four triangle-shaped sides that met in a point on top. Huge, stone tombs with four triangle-shaped sides that met in a point on top. Engineering- the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Engineering- the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.

21. Building the Pyramids 2 million blocks of limestone 2 million blocks of limestone 100,000 workers? 100,000 workers? Ramps? Ramps? Nile River? Nile River?

22. Importance of Pyramids Size and shape were symbolic Size and shape were symbolic Pointing to the sky Pointing to the sky Why? Why? Safe and Security for the Pharaoh Safe and Security for the Pharaoh

23. Section 3 The Middle and New Kingdom 3000 BC 2000 BC 1000 BC 2700-2200 BC Old Kingdom 2050- 1750 BC Middle Kingdom 1550-1050 BC New Kingdom

24. Out with the Old in with the New Why did the Old Kingdom end? Why did the Old Kingdom end? Money- taxes, cost of building pyramids Money- taxes, cost of building pyramids Nobles took power from the pharaohs Nobles took power from the pharaohs

25. Invaders Middle Kingdom- power was stable between periods of disorder. Middle Kingdom- power was stable between periods of disorder. The Hyksos- (rulers of foreign land) immigrants invaded around 1750 BC from Southwest Asia, ruled for 200 years. The Hyksos- (rulers of foreign land) immigrants invaded around 1750 BC from Southwest Asia, ruled for 200 years. Mid 1500’s Egyptian fought back. Ahmose of Thebes ruled Egypt. Mid 1500’s Egyptian fought back. Ahmose of Thebes ruled Egypt.

26. Hyksos Better weapons and advancements in technology.

27. Ahmose I of Thebes: End of Middle Kingdom Beginning of New Kingdom

28. New Kingdom 1550 to 1050- Conquest and trade brought wealth to the pharaohs. Strong military led to many conquest and treasures were brought back. Wealth increased from trade. Hittites, Assyrians, and Babylonians sent gifts to Egypt in order to maintain healthy relations

29. Despite efforts to rule Egypt was attacked many times. By: The Hittites The Tehenu from the West The Sea People

30. Queen Hatshepsut Female ruler who expanded trade and built great monuments During the New Kingdom Trade Routes- paths followed by traders She used money from trade to support the arts and building.

31. Long live the Queen

32. Work and Daily Life Scribes Artisans Artist Architects Merchants Traders Soldiers Farmers and other Peasants Who made up the Majority of Egypt’s Population? Who had most opportunity to rise in social status? Soliders in Egypt

33. Artisans and Artist

34. Women in Egypt Devoted to homes and families Jobs outside home Served as priestesses Royal officials and administrators Legal Rights Own property Make contracts Divorce (keep property after)

35. Family What was family life like in Egypt? Page 296

36. Section 4 Egyptian Achievements Egyptian writing- Hieroglyphics- Egyptian writing system Papyrus- long lasting paper made from reeds.

37. Papyrus

38. Rosetta Stone 1799- Discovered by French solider -a huge stone slab inscribed with hieroglyphics Included text in Greek and a later form of Egyptian. Why was finding the Rosetta Stone important? It gave us the ability to translate hieroglyphics.

39. Egypt’s Great Temples Obelisk- a tall four sided pillar that is pointed at the top.

40. Sphinxes Imaginary creatures with body of a lion and head of another animal or a humans. Typically places in front in order to protect or promote power.