1. TEACHING APPROACH: LITERATURE
DR.HUSNIAH SAHAMID
UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA

2. Teaching Approach Moody (1983: 23)
to "provide a framework, or sequence of operations to be used when we come to actualities”
each approach has its own target or aim. Read more:

3. Differing Philosophies
Richards and Rodgers (1986)
different philosophies
at level of approach
reflected through different types of activities
in different uses for activity types.

4. Importance
acquainted with variety of approaches, techniques, activities
stimulate and develop students' interest
knowledge of literature

5. Approaches: variety Variety of approaches Overlapping
Different names , almost similar approach
Selected approaches for discussion
Do own readings, references !

6. Teaching approaches : selected
1. skills based approach
2. information-based approach
3. language-based approach
4. personal response approach,
5. paraphrastic approach,
6. moral-philosophical approach
7. stylistics approach

7. Literature in the Classroom
Regard inappropriate to the language classroom
Separation:
- study of language & study of literature, 
integrated approach to teaching literature in the language classroom

8. 1. Skills Based Approach Purpose(s) for reading gain information
verify existing knowledge
critique a writer's ideas or writing style.
Enjoyment
enhance knowledge language being read.

9. Purpose of Reading determines the approach to reading comprehension
text :letters, words, sentences, paragraphs - encode meaning.
AND
Reader uses knowledge, skills, and strategies
to determine what that meaning is.

10. Reading Resilience Develop skill of reading resilience:
ability to read and interpret
complex and demanding literary texts.

11. Decoding Skills automatic word recognition
dependent on phonic knowledge
allows reader to attend to meaning SO
slow, belabored decoding overloads
short-term memory and impedes comprehension.

12. Skills Based Approach Reading skills: decoding, understanding
Hierarchy of Reading tasks
(Later: Barrets Taxonomy)

13. Encoding Skills
Writing tasks
Reading, writing
connections

14. Skills - based approach
Peceptual skills
Recognise
Identify

15. Activities Keep a reading journal use to map: reflections,
improve reading practices and skills
understanding of reading text

16. 2. information-based approach
teaching knowledge about literature
source of information
examine history, historical background
characteristics of literary movements

17. 3. Language based approach
Incorporate language and literature syllabus
by studying the language.

18. 4 Personal response approach (Thematic approach)
Encourages learners’ active involvement
emotionally, intellectually,
draw own experiences, feelings, opinions
also known as Thematic approach
texts chosen according to same theme
compare to learner

19. 5. Paraphrastic approach
surface meaning of text
paraphrase ,
re-word the story in simpler language
translating it into another language
beginners of target language

20. 6. moral-philosophical approach
read a particular literary text
search for moral values
awareness of values
assist students to understand themes in future readings.

21. 7. Stylistics Approach
closer understanding ,appreciation of literary text
combination of linguistic analysis
and literary critic (Lazar, 1993)

22. interpretation make meaningful interpretations Beyond surface meaning
An example of an activity?

23. Example: activity Look at a text closely
Mark certain linguistic features
students to look at language features
extracting possible clues
contribute to meaning, interpretation of the text (Carter, 1996).

24. End of notes