1. Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice
Chapter 1
Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice

2. Introduction to the Course
Introduction of class members
Review of syllabus
Presentation of class schedule
Questions

3. Class Discussion Questions
What was your reaction when you learned you were required to take a research course?

4. Class Discussion Questions (cont’d)
What is the value of a research course to you as a nurse?

5. What Is Research? To search again To examine carefully
Diligent and systematic inquiry
Discovery
Goal is to develop an empirical body of knowledge for a discipline

6. Definition of Nursing Research
A scientific process that validates and refines existing knowledge and generates new knowledge that directly and indirectly influences nursing practice.
It is the key to building an evidence-based practice for nursing.

7. Using Research in Practice
Synthesis of knowledge (research, theory, and clinical experiences)
Effect of philosophy
Making a change in practice
Evaluation of change for patient, provider, and health care system

8. Integrative Review of Research
Critique of studies on a selected topic or practice problem
Development of evidence-based practice guidelines:
Example: safe administration of intramuscular injections
Summarize the findings.
Draw conclusions about what is known or not known about the topic.

9. Evidence-Based Practice Guidelines
Conscientious integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values and needs in the delivery of high-quality, cost-effective health care
Synthesis of knowledge for development of guidelines, standards, protocols, or policies to direct nursing interventions and practice

10. Why Is Research Important for Evidence-Based Practice?
Develops empirical knowledge base
Identifies best practices that are based on clinical practices
Improves outcomes for:
Patient and family
Nurse
Health care system

11. Nursing Research Provides:
Description
Explanation
Prediction
Control

12. Description
Identifying and understanding the nature of nursing phenomena and the relationships among the phenomena to:
Describe what exists in nursing practice.
Discover new information.
Promote understanding of situations.
Classify information for use in the discipline.

13. Explanation
Clarifying the relationships among phenomena and identifying the reasons why certain events occur

14. Prediction
Estimating and anticipating the outcomes in a particular situation

15. Control
Manipulating a situation so as to achieve a particular outcome

16. Research Participation at Various Levels of Educational Preparation

17. BSN Researcher Role Identify research problems.
Assist with data collection.
Critique research studies.
Summarize research findings for use in practice.

18. Class Discussion Question
Why should nurses be excellent consumers of research?

19. History of Nursing Research
Nursing research has evolved slowly over the years.
Nursing research began in the 19th century with Florence Nightingale.
Clinical research is the current major focus of nursing research and will continue to be so throughout the 21st century.

20. Florence Nightingale
Nightingale focused on the importance of a healthy environment for patients.
Aspects of her research included:
Ventilation
Cleanliness
Purity of water
Healthy diet

21. Nursing Research: 1900–1940s
American Journal of Nursing first published in 1900.
Case studies reported in the 1920s and 1930s.
Graduate programs in nursing began in the 1920s.
Research conducted by nurses in the 1940s.

22. Nursing Research: 1950s
1950—American Nurses Association begins 5-year study of nursing functions and activities.
1952—Nursing Research published
BSN and MS nursing programs add research to their curricula.
1953—Institute for Research and Service in Nursing Education established by Teacher’s College, Columbia University.

23. Nursing Research: 1960s 1963—International Journal of Nursing Studies
1967—Image published by Sigma Theta Tau (now titled The Journal of Nursing Scholarship)

24. Nursing Research: 1970s 1970—ANA Commission on Nursing Research
1972—Council of Nurse Researchers
1978—Advances in Nursing Science
1978—Research in Nursing and Health
1979—Western Journal of Nursing Research

25. Nursing Research: 1980s
1982–1983—Conduct and Utilization of Research in Nursing project (CURN)
1983—Annual Review of Nursing Research
1985—National Center for Nursing Research (NCNR)
1987—Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice
1988—Applied Nursing Research and Nursing Science Quarterly
1989—Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR)

26. Nursing Research: 1990s 1992—Clinical Nursing Research
1993—National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)
1993—Journal of Nursing Measurement
1994—Qualitative Health Research
AHCPR renamed Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ).
1999—AACN position statement on nursing research

27. Nursing Research: 21st Century
2000—Healthy People 2010
2000—Biological Research for Nursing
2002—Joint Commission revised policies to support evidence-based care.
2004—Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing

28. 21st Century 2005—AHRQ guidelines and priorities 2005—NINR priorities
2005—NINR priorities
2006—Revised AACN position statements on nursing research

29. Ways of Acquiring Knowledge in Nursing
Traditions
Authority
Borrowing
Trial and error
Personal experience
Role modeling
Intuition
Reasoning

30. Practice Knowledge Base
Identify two common behaviors used in your practice.
Indicate the knowledge base for these behaviors.
Is your practice based mainly on research or on other types of knowledge?

31. Nursing Research Methods
Quantitative research
Qualitative research
Outcomes research

32. Quantitative Research Methods
Descriptive research
Correlational research
Quasi-experimental research
Experimental research

33. Quantitative Research Characteristics
Philosophical origin: logical positivism
Focus: concise, objective, reductionistic
Reasoning: logistic, deductive
Basis of knowing: cause-and-effect relationships
Theoretical focus: tests theory

34. Qualitative Research Methods
Phenomenological research
Ground theory research
Ethnographic research
Historical research
Focus groups

35. Qualitative Research Characteristics
Philosophical origin: naturalistic, interpretive, humanistic
Focus: broad, subjective, holistic
Reasoning: dialectic, inductive
Basis of knowing: meaning, discovery, understanding
Theoretical focus: theory development

36. Outcomes Research Focus of outcomes:
Patients and families
Providers (nurses, physicians)
Health care systems
Outcomes used change practice and develop policy.