1. MODULE 1 – LESSON 1 MS. TRACY

2. BELL RINGER WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT?

3. BELL RINGER ANSWER THE CPU IS THE BRAINS OF THE COMPUTER. IT CONTROLS THE ACTIVITIES OF COMPUTER USING TWO PRIMARY SECTIONS THE A/LU AND THE CONTROL UNIT.

4. AGENDA BELL RINGER / ATTENDANCE REVIEW CURRENT EVENTS FROM MONDAY AND SUB PLANS FROM TUESDAY DISCUSS MODULE 1 – LESSON 1 (LECTURE AND NOTES) COMPLETE MODULE 1 – LESSON 1 REVIEW FROM TEXTBOOK COMPLETE WEDNESDAY CURRENT EVENTS

5. LEARNING TARGETS UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTERS. DEFINE COMPUTERS AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS. CLASSIFY DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTER DEVICES. USE COMPUTER SYSTEMS. IDENTIFY SYSTEM COMPONENTS. DESCRIBE THE ROLE OF THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT. DEFINE COMPUTER MEMORY. DESCRIBE HOW DATA IS REPRESENTED. IDENTIFY TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICES. CARE FOR STORAGE MEDIA.

6. INTERACTIVE NOTEBOOK NUMBER THE PAGES IN YOUR NOTEBOOK FROM 1 – 50. 1 3 2 Back of your notebook cover. Table of Contents

7. TABLE OF CONTENTS Topic Page # Lesson 1 Vocabulary Terms 4 Lesson 1 Vocabulary Terms 5 Lesson 1 Vocabulary Terms 6 Lesson 1 Vocabulary Terms 7

8. 45 Lesson 1 Vocabulary

9. UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANCE THE COMPUTER IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT INVENTS OF THE PAST CENTURY? HOW OFTEN DO YOU USE COMPUTERS ON A DAILY BASIS?

10. A BRIEF HISTORY… T HE FIRST CO M PUTERS WERE DEVELOPED IN THE LATE 1940’ S AND EARLY 1950’S FOR USE BY THE MILITARY AND GOVERNMENT. MASSIVE. UNIVAC / ENIAC IN 1969, NEIMAN MARCUS ADVERTISTED THE FIRST HOME COMPUTER. HONEYWELL H316 “K ITCHEN COMPUTER ” $10,600

11. A BRIEF HISTORY…. MICROPROCESSOR WAS DEVELOPED IN 1971. FIRST APPLE COMPUTER WAS BUILT IN 1976. STEVE JOBS AND STEVE WOZNIAK FIRST IBM PC WAS INTRODUCED IN 1981. BILL GATES

12. DEFINING COMPUTERS A COMPUTER IS AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE THAT FOLLOWS A SERIES OF STEPS, REFERRED TO AS THE INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE. A COMPUTER SYSTEM INCLUDES HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, DATA, AND PEOPLE.

13. DEFINING COMPUTER SYSTEMS A COMPUTER PERFORMS ONLY TWO OPERATIONS: ARITHMETIC COMPUTATIONS SUCH AS ADDITION, SUBTRACTION, MULTIPLICATION, AND DIVISION. COMPARISONS SUCH AS GREATER THAN, LESS THAN, OR EQUAL TO. LOGICAL OPERATIONS USING LOGICAL OPERATORS, SUCH AS AND, OR, AND NOT.

14. CLASSIFYING COMPUTERS COMPUTERS ARE CLASSIFIED AS EITHER SPECIAL-PURPOSE COMPUTERS OR GENERAL COMPUTERS.

15. SPECIAL PURPOSE COMPUTERS CONTROL SOMETHING ELSE. THEY HAVE TINY CHIPS THAT ARE EMBEDDED IN DEVICES. DISHWASHER, BATHROOM SCALE, AIRPORT RADAR SYSTEM.

16. GENERAL PURPOSE COMPUTERS ARE DIVIDED INTO CATEGORIES, BASED ON THEIR PHYSICAL, SIZE, FUNCTION, COST, AND PERFORMANCE.

17. CLASSIFYING COMPUTERS TypesDefinitionExamples Desktop Computers Designed so that all components fit on or under a desk PC (Windows based) or Apple Macintosh Notebook (Laptop) Computer Small, portable, personal computers that contain the monitor with a built-in keyboard ServerUsed by small to medium-size companies and can support a few users or hundreds of users File server, database server, or web server

18. CLASSIFYING COMPUTERS TypesDefinitionExamples Mobile DevicesGenerally fit in the palm of your hand Calculators, smart phones, cell phones, handheld games, electronic organizers, & PDAs

19. CLASSIFYING COMPUTERS TypesDefinitionExamples Tablet PCA personal computer similar in size and thickness to a notepad Tablet DevicesUse an embedded operating system, but do not support full feature operating systems like Tablet PCs

20. CLASSIFYING COMPUTERS TypesDefinitionExamples Mainframe computerLarge expensive computer, capable of supporting up to thousands of users Super-computerFastest type of computer, used for specialized applications to process enormous amounts of data

21. CLASSIFYING COMPUTERS TypesDefinitionExamples Embedded ComputersFound in devices to perform specific tasks Digital watch, MP3 player, appliances, etc. Portable music/ media players Store and play back music and videos MP3 players and portable DVD players

22. CLASSIFYING COMPUTERS TypesDefinitionExamples Computer game systemsSpecialized computers used to play games Electronic book readersDisplays an electronic version of a traditional print book

23. USING COMPUTER SYSTEMS COMPUTERS CAN TAKE RAW DATA AND CHANGE IT INTO INFORMATION. YOUR INPUT PROGRAMS AND DATA WITH SOME TYPE OF INPUT DEVICE. MOUSE, KEYBOARD, ETC. THE COMPUTER USES INSTRUCTIONS TO PROCESS THE DATA AND TO TURN IT INTO INFORMATION. YOU SEND THE INFORMATION TO SOME TYPE OF OUTPUT DEVICE. PRINTER, MONITOR, ETC. YOU STORE IT FOR LATER RETRIEVAL.

24. IDENTIFYING SYSTEM COMPONENTS A SYSTEM UNIT IS THE CASE THAT CONTAINS ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS OF THE COMPUTER USED TO PROCESS DATA

25. IDENTIFYING SYSTEM COMPONENTS THE MOTHERBOARD IS A CIRCUIT BOARD THAT IS CENTRAL IN THE SYSTEM UNIT. THE MOTHERBOARD CONTAINS INTEGRAL COMPONENTS, SUCH AS: CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT MEMORY BASIC CONTROLLERS EXPANSION SLOTS

26. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) IS THE BRAINS OF THE COMPUTER. MEASURED IN HERTZ HOUSED IN A TINY CHIP CONTROLS THE FLOW OF THE ELECTRICITY THROUGH THE COMPUTER THE CPU HAS TWO PRIMARY SECTIONS: THE ARITHMETIC/LOGIC UNIT THE CONTROL UNIT.

27. ARITHEMETIC / LOGIC UNIT PERFORMS ARITHMETIC, COMPARISON, AND OTHER OPERATIONS.

28. CONTROL UNIT DIRECTS AND COORDINATES MOST OF THE OPERATIONS IN THE COMPUTER YOU COMMUNICATE WITH THE COMPUTER THROUGH PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES THE COMPUTER USES MACHINE LANGUAGE, OR BINARY, WHICH IS ALL 1’S AND 0’S.

29. HOW A COMPUTER RECOGNIZES DATA IN MACHINE LANGUAGE, THE CONTROL UNIT SENDS OUT NECESSARY MESSAGES TO EXECUTE THE INSTRUCTIONS. A SINGLE 0 OR A SINGLE 1 IS A BIT. 8 BITS = 1 BYTE. A BYTE IS A SINGLE CHARACTER. ELECTRICITY ON = 1 ELECTRICITY OFF = 0

30. HOW A COMPUTER RECOGNIZES DATA UnitCharacters HertzApprox. 1 character KilohertzApprox. 1,000 characters MegahertzApprox. 1,000,000 characters GigahertzApprox. 1,000,000,000 characters TerahertzApprox. 1,000,000,000,000 characters

31. MEMORY MEMORY – CONSISTS OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS THAT STORE INSTRUCTIONS WAITING TO BE EXECUTED AND DATA NEEDED BY THOSE INSTRUCTIONS RAM – RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY OR MAIN MEMORY KEEPS DATA AND INSTRUCTIONS TEMPORARILY OR WILL ERASED WHEN THE COMPUTER IS SHUT OFF (MEASURED IN BYTES) ROM – READ ONLY MEMORY CAN BE READ BUT NOT MODIFIED (SYSTEM FILES)

32. RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY THE MEMORY ON THE MOTHERBOARD IS SHORT TERM, CALLED RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM). DATA, INFORMATION, AND PROGRAM INSTRUCTIONS ARE STORED TEMPORARILY ON A RAM CHIP AND DISAPPEAR WHEN THE COMPUTER IS TURNED OFF.

33. RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY THE INSTRUCTION CYCLE IS THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT TAKES TO RETRIEVE INSTRUCTIONS TO PERFORM A SPECIFIED TASK AND COMPLETE THE COMMAND. THE EXECUTION CYCLE REFERS TO THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT TAKES THE CPU TO EXECUTE THE INSTRUCTION AND STORE THE RESULTS IN RAM.

34. RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY TOGETHER, THE INSTRUCTION CYCLE AND ONE OR MORE EXECUTION CYCLES CREATE A MACHINE CYCLE.

35. READ-ONLY MEMORY ANOTHER TYPE OF MEMORY FOUND ON THE MOTHERBOARD IS READ-ONLY MEMORY (ROM). ROM CHIPS STORE SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS THAT ARE NEEDED FOR COMPUTER OPERATION. THESE INSTRUCTIONS REMAIN ON THE CHIP EVEN WHEN THE POWER IS TURNED OFF. THE MORE COMMON OF THESE IS THE BIOS ROM, CONTAINING INSTRUCTIONS TO START THE SYSTEM WHEN YOU TURN ON THE COMPUTER.

36. UNIT OF MEMORY UnitCharacter ByteApprox. 1 character KilobyteApprox. 1,000 characters MegabyteApprox. 1,000,000 characters GigabyteApprox. 1,000,000,000 characters TerabyteApprox. 1,000,000,000,000 characters

37. STORAGE DEVICES Storage DeviceDescriptionExamples Magnetic DiscsUse magnetic particles to store items on a disk’s surface Hard disks, magnetic tape, 3½ inch & ZIP disks Optical Storage Devices Use laser technology to read and write data on silver platters that contain a metal layer CDs, DVDs & Blu-Ray Solid-State Storage Media Removable medium that uses integrated circuits to process Miniature mobile storage media, USB flash drive Network DrivesDrive located on a computer other than the user’s local system

38. CARING FOR STORAGE KEEP AWAY FROM MAGNETIC FIELDS. AVOID EXTREME TEMPERATURES. REMOVE MEDIA FROM DRIVES AND STORE THEM PROPERLY WHEN NOT IN USE. WHEN HANDLING DVDS AND OTHER OPTICAL DISCS, HOLD THEM AT THE EDGES. NEVER TRY TO REMOVE THE MEDIA FROM A DRIVE WHEN THE DRIVE INDICATOR LIGHT IS ON. KEEP DISCS IN A STURDY CASE WHEN TRANSPORTING.

39. ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS FROM YOUR TEXTBOOK: TRUE / FALSE (QUESTIONS 1 – 5) MULTIPLE CHOICE (QUESTIONS 1 – 5) FILL IN THE BLANK (QUESTIONS 1 – 5)