1. TOURISM DEVELOPMENT Making three ends meet Henrik Halkier Professor of Regional and Tourism Studies Aalborg University Denmark halkier@cgs.aau.dk http://www2.ihis.aau.dk/~halkier/

2. TOURISM DEVELOPMENT Making three ends meet Henrik Halkier Aalborg University Denmark halkier@cgs.aau.dk

3. TOURISM DEVELOPMENT Making three ends meet Henrik Halkier Aalborg University Denmark halkier@cgs.aau.dk

4. TOURISM DEVELOPMENT Making three ends meet 1. Introduction: Actors in tourism development 2. Reasons to go / 1: Destination attractiveness 3. Reasons to go / 2: Image and experiences 4. Alternative strategies 5. Nothing special? Extending the season in a cool location http://www2.ihis.aau.dk/~halkier/

5. Tourists and tourism: WHAT’S IN A NAME ? “someone who moves away from home on a temporary or short-term basis for at least 24 hours, whether travelling in his or her own country (domestic tourism) or going to another country (international tourism)” (Law, 1994 p.4).

6. Tourists and tourism: WHAT’S IN A NAME ? ”Tourism may be defined as the sum of the processes, activities, and outcomes arising from the interactions among tourists, tourism suppliers, host governments, host communities, origin governments, universities, community colleges, and non-governmental organisations, in the process of attracting, transporting, hosting and managing these tourists and other visitors”. (Weaver & Lawton 2006, p.3).

7. Tourism development MAPPING A TRIANGLE Source: H. Halkier: Regional turismeudvikling mellem udbud og efterspørgsel, in Halkier et al. (eds.): Regional turismeudvikling mellem udbud og efterspørgsel, Aalborg: Aalborg Universitetsforlag, 2002, p 120 Tourists Public facilitators/ regulators Private providers

8. Reasons to go / 1 DESTINATION PULL FACTORS  Geographical proximity to markets  Accessibility to markets  Availability of attractions  Availability of services  Affordability  Peace, stability & safety  Cultural links  Positive market image  Pro-tourism policies

9. Reasons to go / 1 NORTHERN CHALLENGES ? International tourism in Europe. Source: Calculated on the basis of World Tourism Organisation 2005.

10. Reasons to go / 1 NORTHERN CHALLENGES ?

11. Reasons to go / 2 IMAGES OF OTHERS +- = Friendly images Investor appeal Dull images Indifference?  Exotic images Tourist appeal Hostile images Enemy-making

12. Reasons to go / 2 COMPLEX EXPERIENCES Attraction CulturalNatural Organi- sation IndividualRuhr heritage Visiting relatives Achterhoek rural North DK coastal CollectiveAntalya football Corporate incentives Antalya coastal Alpine skiing  Attractions more/less possible to develop  Organisation creates different ways to approach potential visitors

13. ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES? NEW COMMUNIKATION? NoYes NEW EXPE- RIEN- CES? NoBetter service Yes  Hospitality  Convenient/cheap transport  Mouth-to-mouth information

14. ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES? NEW COMMUNIKATION? NoYes NEW EXPE- RIEN- CES? NoBetter service More promotion Yes  Existing/new markets  Digital convenience  Analysis of competition?

15. ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES? NEW COMMUNIKATION? NoYes NEW EXPE- RIEN- CES? NoBetter service More promotion YesMore innovation  New products/attractions/services  Destination development, coordination  Analysis of trends in demand?

16. ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES? NEW COMMUNIKATION? NoYes NEW EXPE- RIEN- CES? NoBetter service More promotion YesMore innovation Stronger brand  Authentic and unique experiences  Existing image as a challenge  Relevance for all types of tourism?

17. NOTHING SPECIAL? Extending the season in a cool location

19. Conceptualising FOOD TOURISM F T F F T T RDA DMO INTER/NATIONAL CONTEXT Exchange to be increased

20. NOTHING SPECIAL? Extending the season in a cool location Tomsk – www.visittomsk.ru ???