1. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk Tourism Policy and Knowledge Processes Exploring European Case Studies 1.Re-conceptualising tourism policy 2.Tourism policy and knowledge dynamics: Comparative perspectives 3.Knowledge-based tourism policy strategies

2. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk Widespread typologies (Fayos-Solá, Hall) generational approach –boosterism, economic, community, sustainable multi-dimensional ideal-types A certain unease not with the sources but with application discursive ‘game of labels’ over-looking variation and contradictions RE-CONCEPTUALISING TOURISM POLICY

3. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk RE-CONCEPTUALISING TOURISM POLICY Points of departure new institutionalism (North) network theory (Rhodes) discourse analysis (Åkerstrøm Andersen) policy analysis (Hogwood, Hood) Point of reference institutionalist approach to regional policy –H Halkier: Institutions, Discourse and Regional Development, Peter Lang 2006

4. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk RE-CONCEPTUALISING TOURISM POLICY Socio- economic context Destination Targets State/region Tourists Competitors Sponsoring Strategy Resources Organisation Aims Instruments Knowledge DMO Focus on three central relations the destination and its political, social, economic contexts the destination and its destination management organisation (DMO) the DMO and it targets among firms, workforce, tourists, institutions

5. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk Tourism policies compared TOURISM CONTEXTS 1 Attraction CulturalNatural Organi- sation Individual Ruhr heritage Skaane film Antalya branding North DK museums Achterhoek rural North DK coastal CollectiveAntalya footballAntalya coastal

6. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk Tourism policies compared TOURISM CONTEXTS 1 Attraction CulturalNatural Organi- sation Individual Ruhr heritage Skaane film Antalya branding North DK museums Achterhoek rural North DK coastal CollectiveAntalya footballAntalya coastal Individual-cultural Individual-natural Collective-cultural Collective-natural

7. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk Tourism policies compared TOURISM CONTEXTS 2 Ruhr Achterhoek North DK Antalya Skaane

8. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk Tourism policies compared STRATEGIC AIMS Communication ContinuityChange Service/ experience Continuity Service strategyMarketing strategy ChangeInnovation strategyBranding strategy Individual-cultural Individual-natural Collective-cultural Collective-natural

9. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk Tourism policies compared POLICY TARGETS Individual-cultural Individual-natural Collective-cultural Collective-natural Target capabilities HardwareSoftwareOrgware Target insti- tutions Individuals Firms System

10. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk Tourism policies compared POLICY INSTRUMENTS Individual-cultural Individual-natural Collective-cultural Collective-natural Rules / resources Authority Infor- mation Finance Organi- sation Mandatory Conditional Voluntary

11. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk Individual-cultural Individual-natural Collective-cultural Collective-natural Tourism policies compared KNOWLEDGE IMPACT Analy- tical SyntheticSymbolic Exploration Examination Exploitation

12. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk Existing policies key features: Across contexts focus on development of new services instruments/networks knowledge intensive –growing importance of knowledge input/competences Rooms for knowledge-oriented improvement networked DMOs –with local SMEs and extra-regional/international links creative generation of market/trend intelligence –private partners and public knowledge institutions Tourism policies compared CONCLUSIONS

13. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk For draft written paper: halkier@cgs.aau.dk Read more about EURODITE: www.eurodite.bham.ac.uk Tourism Policy and Knowledge Processes Exploring European Case Studies