1. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk Analysing Tourism Policy From an industrial towards a knowledge-economy paradigm 1.Introduction: Tourism, knowledge economy and public policy 2.Re-conceptualising tourism policy 3.Public policy and knowledge dynamics: Tourism and the rest 4.Towards knowledge-based tourism development strategies Advancing the Social Science of Tourism University of Surrey 2011

2. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk Analytical concerns generational approach (e.g. Fayos-Solá, Hall) –boosterism, economic, community, sustainable multi-dimensional ideal-types applied in discursive ‘game of labels’ over-looking variation and contradictions Policy concerns EU Lisbon strategy in practice: high-tech, big science, manufacturing clusters ? Tourism and other services sidelined? Tourism, knowledge economy and public policy

3. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk RE-CONCEPTUALISING TOURISM POLICY Points of departure new institutionalism (North) network theory (Rhodes) discourse analysis (Åkerstrøm Andersen) policy analysis (Hogwood, Hood) Point of reference institutionalist approach to regional policy –H Halkier: Institutions, Discourse and Regional Development, Peter Lang 2006

4. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk RE-CONCEPTUALISING TOURISM POLICY Socio- economic context Destination Targets State/region Tourists Competitors Sponsoring Strategy Resources Organisation Aims Instruments Knowledge DMO Focus on three central relations the destination and its political, social, economic contexts the destination and its destination management organisation (DMO) the DMO and it targets among firms, workforce, tourists, institutions

5. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk Public policy and knowledge dynamics EURODITE methods focus on seven selected sectors, including tourism territorial / sectoral knowledge dynamics firm-level case studies policies that make a difference EURODITE tourism case studies Attraction CulturalNatural Organi- sation Individual Ruhr heritage Skaane film Antalya branding North DK museums Achterhoek rural North DK coastal CollectiveAntalya footballAntalya coastal

6. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk Relative importance of development strategies Expan- sion Dupli- cation Modern- isation Crea- tivity Auto ●● Food ●●●● ICT ●●●●● ● KIBS ●●●● ● New media ●●●●● Tourism ●●●●●●● All cases ●●●●●●● Strategy: average (cool KIBS?) Public policy and knowledge dynamics / 1

7. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk Relative importance of policy targets HardwareSoftwareOrgware Auto ●●●●●● Bio ●●●●●● Food ●●●●●●● ICT ●●●●●● KIBS ●●●●●● New media ●●●●● Tourism ●● All cases ●● Strategy: average (cool KIBS?) Targets: average (brainy KIBS) Public policy and knowledge dynamics / 2

8. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk Relative importance of policy instruments Autho- rity Infor- mationFinance Organi- sation Auto ●●●●●●●●● Food ●●● ICT ●●● ●●● KIBS ●●●●● New media ●●●●● Tourism ●●●●● All cases ●●● ●●● Strategy: average (cool KIBS?) Targets: average (brainy KIBS) Instruments: Information > finance (culture funding?) Public policy and knowledge dynamics / 3

9. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk Relative importance of policy governance EUNat Regional/ local Auto ●●●●●● Bio ●● Food ●●●●● ICT ●●●●● KIBS ●●●●●● New media ●● Tourism ●●●●●● All cases ●●●●●● Strategy: average (cool KIBS?) Targets: average (brainy KIBS) Instruments: Information > finance (culture funding?) Governance: average (multi-level media) Public policy and knowledge dynamics / 4

10. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk Relative importance of knowledge types Analy- tical Syn- thetic Sym- bolic Auto ●●●●● Bio ●●●●●● Food ●●●●●● ICT ●●●●●● KIBS ●●●●● New media ●● Tourism ●●● All cases ●●●●●● Strategy: average (cool KIBS?) Targets: average (brainy KIBS) Instruments: Information > finance (culture funding?) Governance: average (multi-level media) Knowledge types: symbolic (media science) Public policy and knowledge dynamics / 5

11. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk Existing policies key features: Across sectors instruments/networks knowledge intensive –growing importance of knowledge input/competences under-utilised combinatorial knowledge Room for knowledge-oriented tourism policies networked DMOs –with local SMEs and extra-regional/sectoral links creative generation of market/trend intelligence –private partners and public knowledge institutions Towards knowledge-based tourism policies

12. Henrik Halkier, Aalborg University, halkier@cgs.aau.dk For draft written paper and full report: halkier@cgs.aau.dk Read more about EURODITE: www.eurodite.bham.ac.uk Analysing Tourism Policy From an industrial towards a knowledge-economy paradigm