1. The Origin of HIV Neelam Rani, Vijaya Alla

3. What is HIV? Group: Group VI (ssRNA) Family: Retroviridae Genus: Lentivirus Species: HIV-1, HIV-2

4. Virus Structure Enveloped Two copies of ssRNA Reverse transcriptase Bullet-shaped capsid 72 spikes Only 9 genes

5. LifeCycle

6. What is SIV? Retrovirus that infects primates Virus is transmitted sexually It does not cause disease in natural host May cause SAIDS in non-natural hosts

7. Relationship: HIV & SIV HIV-1 evolved from SIVcpz found in a chimpanzee subspecies Pan troglodyte troglodyte HIV-2, the less virulent form, evolved from SIVsm found in sooty mangabeys

8. Theories on Origin Hunter Theory Contaminated Needle Theory OPV Theory Colonial Theory

9. Earliest Cases 1959 - adult male in Congo 1969 - teenager in St.Louis 1976 - sailor in Norway

10. Causes Travel Travel Blood Industry Blood Industry Drug Use Drug Use Intercourse Intercourse Birth Birth

11. HIV’s Progression to AIDS Stage I - asympotomatic Stage II - mucocutaneous maifestations, URI Stage III - chronic diarrhea, severe bacterial infections, pulmonary TB Stage IV - taxoplasmosis of brain, candidiasis of esophagus,trachea, lungs and kaposi’s sarcoma

12. Geography Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and the Caribbean are the hardest hit WHO estimates 36-44 million are infected with HIV as of Dec 2004

13. Medications No cure No cure No vaccine No vaccine HAART “cocktail” - contains protease inhibitors and two reverse transcriptase inhibitors HAART “cocktail” - contains protease inhibitors and two reverse transcriptase inhibitors Antisense therapy – fragment of DNA that binds to viral mRNA to prevent translation Antisense therapy – fragment of DNA that binds to viral mRNA to prevent translation

14. References http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/ Simian_immunodeficiency_virus http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/ Simian_immunodeficiency_virus http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/ AIDS http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/ AIDS http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/1999/ 499_aids.html http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/1999/ 499_aids.html http://www.avert.org/origins.htm