1. PRNFC SAFETY STANDDOWN
Navy Flying Club Safety Brief
May 10, 2005

2. SAFETY BRIEF SCHEDULE May 2005: Spring Safety Stand-Down
July 2004: Communications Failure
August 2004: In-Flight Emergencies
September 2004: Bird-Strike Hazards
October 2004: Cold Weather Operations
November 2004: Fall Safety Stand-Down
December 2004: ADIZ Procedures
January 2005: No Briefing
February 2005: FAA Safety Seminar/Briefing
March 2005: Aviation Physiology
April 2005: No Briefing
May 2005: Spring Safety Stand-Down
June 2005:

3. Airspace Classes FL 600 18,000 MSL CLASS A CLASS E CLASS B CLASS C
(Above 18,000’)
18,000 MSL
CLASS E
(Everything Else)
CLASS B
(Big apt)
CLASS C
(mode C)
CLASS D
(Dashed line)
1200’ AGL
700’ AGL
CLASS G
(near Ground)
CLASS G
CLASS G

4. Airspace - VFR Requirements
FL 600
CLASS A
(Above 18,000’)
IFR only
18,000 MSL
CLASS E
(Above 10,000’)
F-111
Five statute miles
1000’ Above
1000’ Below
1 mi. Horizontal
10,000 MSL
CLASS E
(Below 10,000’)
3-152’s
3 statute miles
1000’ Above
500’ Below
2000’ Horizontal
CLASS B
3 mi, clear
of clouds
CLASS C
3-152’s
CLASS D
3-152’s
1200’ AGL
700’ AGL
CLASS G
Day: 1 mi,
clear of clouds
CLASS G
CLASS G
Night: 3-152’s

5. Class A Airspace Begins at 18,000 feet MSL up to FL600
Instrument Flight Plan, Mode C Transponder and IFR Clearance Required
VFR Weather Minimums
not applicable

6. Class B Airspace Clearance required to enter Required Equipment
2-way radio
Mode C Transponder
VOR or TACAN (IFR only)
VFR Weather Minimums
3 statute miles, clear of clouds

7. Class C Airspace Establish 2-way radio communication before entering
Required Equipment
2-way radio
Mode C Transponder
VFR Weather Minimums: 3-152’s
3 s.m., 500’ below, 1000’ above, 2000’ Horizontal

8. Class D Airspace Need operating control tower to be in effect
2-way radio comm. required before entering
Extends 4.4 nm (5 sm) radius from airport
Extends up to, not including 2,500’ AGL
other altitudes may apply
VFR Weather Minimums: 3-152’s
3 s.m., 500’ below, 1000’ above, 2000’ Horizontal

9. Class E Airspace Everything except A, B, C, D and G airspace
Normally extends from 1200’ to 18,000’
magenta bar indicates floor of 700’
magenta dashed line indicates floor to surface
VFR Minimums (below 10,000’): 3-152’s
3 s.m., 500’ below, 1000’ above, 2000’ Horizontal
VFR Minimums (above 10,000’): F-111
5 s.m., 1000’ below, 1000’ above, 1 s.m. Horizontal

10. Class G Airspace VFR Weather Minimums (day)
1 statute mile, clear of clouds
VFR Weather Minimums (night): 3-152’s
3 s.m., 500’ below, 1000’ above, 2000’ Horizontal
Other VFR min. apply above 1200’ AGL

11. VFR Weather Minimums Usually 3-152’s
3 s.m., 500’ below, 1000’ above, 2000’ Horizontal
VFR Weather Min. other than 3-152’s
Class A: IFR only
Class B: 3 statute miles, clear of clouds
Class E (above 10,000’): F-111
Class G (day): 1 statute mile, clear of clouds
Special VFR: 1 s.m., clear of clouds

12. Mode C Transponder Required
Class A, B, and C
Within 30 n.m. of Class B (mode C veil)
Above Class B, Above Class C
Above 10,000’ MSL and above 2500’ AGL
Into or Across U.S. ADIZ
10nm apt in FAR Part 91, Apndx D Sect 2
In all controlled airspace if equipped

13. Permission Required to Enter
Prohibited Area
Permission Required to Enter
Always Active

14. Restricted Area Activities
Artillery
Aerial Gunnery
Guided Missiles
If active, permission from controlling agency required to enter

15. Warning Area Activities
Artillery
Aerial Gunnery
Guided Missiles
Located outside 3 mi. limit, over international water
Permission not required to enter, but Exercise Extreme Caution

16. Military Operating Area
Aerobatic flying and abrupt maneuvers
Purpose: Separate IFR and military traffic
FSS within 100 nm can provide info.
Permission is not required to enter MOA

17. Alert Area Activities Exercise caution when operating in an Alert Area
High volume of pilot training
Unusual aerial activity
Exercise caution when operating in an Alert Area
Permission is not required to enter an Alert Area

18. FAR’s - Speed Restrictions
Aircraft may not exceed 250 knots below 10,000 feet MSL (unless authorized by the FAA Administrator)
Aircraft may not exceed 200 knots below a Class B Airspace (Terminal Control Area)
Unless authorized or required by ATC, aircraft may not exceed 200 knots within an Class D Airspace (Airport Traffic Area)

19. FAR’s - Seat Belts
Pilot must wear seat belt and shoulder harness (if equipped) while at duty station
pilot may remove shoulder harness if unable to perform required duties
All passengers must wear seat belt and shoulder harness (if equipped) during takeoff and landing

20. FAR’s - Aircraft Documents
A = Airworthiness Certificate
R = Registration Certificate
R = Radio Operating License
(no longer required in USA, Canada)
O = Operating Limitations
W = Weight and Balance
These documents must be on board the
aircraft during all periods of operation.

21. Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)
ELT’s transmit on and Mhz
Test/inspection required every 12 months
Only during the first 5 minutes of every hour
Limited to 3 audio sweeps
Battery
Must be marked with an expiration date
Must be replaced after 1 hour cumulative use or after 1/2 battery life has expired

22. Oxygen Requirements Non-Pressurized Aircraft
12, ,000 feet MSL
Flight crew must use oxygen for all portions of flight over 30 minutes between these altitudes
Above 14,000 feet MSL
Flight crew must use oxygen at all times
Above 15,000 feet MSL
All passengers must be provided with oxygen

23. Medical Certificates
Medical certificates expire the last day of the month of expiration
Privileges
ATP
Commercial
Private Pilot
Student Pilot
1st Class
6 months
2nd Class
N/A
12 months
3rd Class
N/A
24/36 months
Private/Student certificates good for 36 months if pilot < 40 on exam date.

24. Aerobatic Flight Not allowed Below 1,500 feet AGL
Flight visibility less than 3 statute miles
Within Class B, C or D Airspace
Within Class E Airspace designated for an apt.
On federal airways
Over congested areas
Over open assemblies of people

25. Pilot Currency Required for Passenger Transportation
Within the past 90 days
Same category and class
Daytime
Three takeoffs and landings
Conventional Landing Gear (Taildragger)
Three takeoffs and landings to full stop
Nighttime

26. Night Flight Night - Definition:
the time between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight, as published in the American Air Almanac, converted to local time
Twilight ends/begins when the center of the sun’s disk is 6 degrees below the horizon
In Florida, min after/before sunset/rise
In Maine, min after/before sunset/rise

27. Night Flight Position lights required from sunset to sunrise
Currency requirements for passenger transportation at night
During the period from 1 hour after sunset to 1 hour before sunrise
Within preceding 90 days
Three takeoffs, three landings to a full stop
Same category and class aircraft

28. Special VFR Class D & E Airspace, some Class B & C Required for SVFR
Ceiling Below 1,000’ AGL
Visibility Less then 3 miles
Required for SVFR
1 statute mile visibility, clear of clouds
Required for SVFR at night
Pilot must be instrument rated
Aircraft must be instrument equipped

29. Transponder Codes 7700 = Emergency 7600 = Lost communications
7500 = Hijack
1200 = Standard VFR
7777 = Military interceptor operations
4000 = Military in restricted/warning areas
0000 = Target drones

30. Maintenance All aircraft must have an Annual Inspection
Commercial aircraft must have 100 hr insp.
Transponder check every two years
Pitot/Static check every two years (IFR)
ELT Battery replacement every two years
ELT Inspection every 12 calendar months
AD compliance mandatory

31. Required Equipment (VFR)
T = Tachometer
O = Oil Pressure Gauge
M = Magnetic Compass
A = Altimeter
T = Temp. Gauge (if liquid cooled)
O = Oil Temperature Gauge

32. Required Equipment (VFR)
F = Fuel Gauge For Each Tank
L = Landing Gear Position Indicator
A = Airspeed Indicator
M = Manifold Pressure Indicator
E = Emergency Locator Transmitter
S = Seat Belts (>=2 years old)

33. Required Equipment (Night VFR)
F = Fuses (Spare Set or 3 of Each Type)
L = Landing Light (Commercial Ops.)
A = Anti-Collision Light
P = Position Lights
S = Source of Electrical Power

34. ATC Light Signals

35. Minimum Altitudes
1,000’ above, 2,000’ horizontal from any object over congested area
500’ above non-congested area
Sparsely populated area, 500’ from any
person
vessel
property

36. VFR Cruising Altitudes
Based upon magnetic course, not magnetic heading
Starts at 3,000 feet AGL
0°-179°
maintain odd thousands plus 500’ MSL
180°-359°
maintain even thousands plus 500’ MSL
Remember “Odd Geese Fly East”

37. Right of Way Aircraft in distress has ROW over all others
Balloon has ROW over any aircraft
Glider has ROW over airships, airplanes and rotorcraft
Airship has ROW over airplanes, rotorcraft

38. Right of Way
When two aircraft are approaching head on, both should turn to the right
When two aircraft (same category) are converging, the one on the others right has the ROW
An aircraft being overtaken has the ROW
While landing, the lowest aircraft has ROW

39. Pre-Flight Action
Pilot must be free from alcoholic beverages for eight hours prior to flight
“Eight hours from bottle to throttle”
Pilot must acquire current and forecast weather
Pilot must check runway lengths of the destination airport

40. Pre-Flight Action
Pilot must have alternate course of action if flight can not be completed to destination
Pilot must check if there are ATC delays
Pilot must concern herself with all available information regarding the flight

41. Fuel Requirements VFR Daytime VFR Nighttime IFR
Fuel to destination
plus 30 minutes
VFR Nighttime
Fuel to destination
plus 45 minutes
IFR
Fuel to destination or alternate apt. if required
plus 45 minutes
IFR Alternate Airport not required if, 1 hour before/after, more than 2000’ and 3 sm visibility

42. Hyperventilation
Hyperventilation: an excessive increase in breathing rate or depth
Occurs as a result of
Emotional tension
Anxiety
Apprehension

43. Hyperventilation Symptoms Can lead to unconsciousness
Sensation of being warm
Nausea
Tingling of fingers and toes
Muscle spasms
Can lead to unconsciousness

44. Hyperventilation Treatment
Try to get the person to breathe slowly
Breathe into a paper bag
Try to re-establish proper amount of carbon dioxide in the blood

45. Vertigo Caused by loss of visual references
Leads to spatial disorientation
Overcome vertigo by relying on the flight instruments

46. Hypoxia
Occurs when an insufficient quantity of oxygen is available in the blood
Symptoms occur at approx. 10,000 feet
Symptoms at lower altitudes for
Heavy smokers
People in poor physical condition
Hypoxia can lead to unconsciousness

47. Hypoxia The most dangerous symptom is a feeling of well being
Treatment
Provide supplemental oxygen
Descend to a lower altitude

48. METAR/TAF METAR TAF Aviation Routine Weather Report
replaces Surface Aviation Observation (SA)
TAF
Aerodrome Forecast
replaces Terminal Forecast (FT)

50. Sigmet Significant Meteorology Available from FAA and HIWAS stations
Severe/Extreme turbulence
Severe Icing
Widespread dust and sandstorms with visibility less than three miles
Available from FAA and HIWAS stations

51. Convective Sigmet Tornadoes Lines of thunderstorms
Embedded thunderstorms
Intense thunderstorms
affecting 40% or more of area
of at least 3,000 square feet
Hail 3/4 of and inch or greater in diameter

52. Airmet
Concerns small aircraft and aircraft with lack of instruments or equipment
Airmet covers
Moderate icing & severe turbulence over an extensive area
Extensive area of visibility less then 3 miles and/or ceilings lower then 1,000’
Winds 30 kts or more within 2,000’ of surface

53. Surface Analysis Chart
Issued every three hours
Provides a general picture of atmospheric pressure patterns by showing highs, lows and fronts

55. Surface Forecast Chart
Issued four times a day
Forecast of Surface Analysis Chart
Provides a general picture of atmospheric pressure patterns by showing highs, lows and fronts

57. Weather Depiction Chart
Issued every three hours
Provides a picture of areas with
IFR
MVFR
VFR

59. Radar Summary Chart Normally issued every hour
Provides location and movement of thunderstorms, tornadoes, hurricanes and their intensity
Shows weather associated with rain, hail, icing and turbulence

61. Satellite Weather Views
Issued every hour
Available on DUATS
Infrared available 24 hours/day
Visual available during daylight hours

64. Low Level Weather Issued every six hours Provides freezing levels
areas and levels of turbulence
locations of fronts
pressure systems
areas of precipitation
VFR/MVFR/IFR areas

67. QUESTIONS?