1. Check In Question
What would cause YOU to bring about a Revolution? (What would upset you enough to cause you to revolt?)

2. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 1. Understand and discuss the various reasons that revolution may be justified and apply that to the class discussion about the causes of the French Revolution 2. Recall the makeup of the Three Estates in French society and why they created conflict 3. Analyze the specific reasons and events that lead to the French Revolution

3. TAKE A STAND

5. NO Enlightenment ideas
Old Regime
Estates:
Privileged Estates
1st=clergy
2nd=nobility
Third Estate
3rd=the other 97%
Bourgeoisie (middle class)
Urban workers
Peasants
Little to no taxes
NO Enlightenment ideas
TAXES!!!
ENLIGHTENMENT

8. WEAK LEADERSHIP Louis XVI in SERIOUS debt because… Handed down
American Revolution
His wife
Marie Antoinette (“Madame Deficit”) NOT liked by the people AT ALL
Louis XVI was indecisive
Estates General

9. CAHIER OF THE THIRD ESTATE OF PARIS
Electoral meetings (village & neighborhood) to determine representatives
Cahier=report (of grievances & expectations)
Created largely by lawyers and businessmen

10. QUESTIONS WHILE READING
What view of the Monarchy is expressed in the Cahier? What kind of government does the Cahier envision for France?
What views are expressed in the Cahier about the position of the nobility and clergy in the French society?
What solutions does the cahier offer for the government's fiscal crisis?
What should be the primary purpose of legislation (law)?
What changes did they wish to accomplish with the criminal justice system?

11. Causes of the French Revolution
The American Revolution
Enlightenment Ideas (progress, liberty, freedom of the individual)
Social Inequality (plus wanting equal say in government)
Poor Leadership
Economics and Finances (debt & taxation)

12. Check In Question
What do you think is happening in this picture? How does it relate to what we learned about last class?

13. HOMEWORK Read pgs. 649-653 Storming of the Bastille: Great Fear:
Jacobins:
Robespierre:

14. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 1. Understand the unfair treatment of the Third Estate during the Estates General meeting 2. Analyze the reasons behind the members of the Third Estate breaking away from the Estates General 3. Understand and recall the importance of the Tennis Court Oath

15. REVIEW Take A Stand Three Estates Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette Debt
Examples?
Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette
Debt
Estates General
Five Main Causes

17. Estate Meeting Proposals for the King: Voting by head or by estate?
Higher taxes on WHAT and/or WHO?
Where to reduce expenses?

18. “I swear an oath to God and nation never to be separated until we have formed a solid and equitable Constitution as our constituents have asked us to.”

19. Estates General
Louis XVI and Necker (financial advisor) originally wanted an overhaul of the tax system
First Estate responsible for education
Second Estate responsible for land
AKA: they thought they should be exempt because they didn’t want to lose their power & wealth
Pressured to side with them (didn’t want to lose his power), which leads to…

20. Estates General First meeting in 175 years Medieval rules:
Agreed to let Third Estate have double representatives
Medieval rules:
1 vote per estate
Estates must meet in separate hall to vote
First & Second Estates always worked together to outvote the Third!!!
King Louis XVI decides to keep it this way

21. National Assembly Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès National Assembly
Clergyman sympathetic to Third Estate cause
“What Is The Third Estate?”
National Assembly
Pass laws and reforms in the name of all French people
Majority vote to establish National Assembly
AKA: goodbye absolute monarchy, HELLO representative government!

22. Tennis Court Oath 3 days laterLouis XVI locks their meeting hall
Broke down the door to an indoor tennis court
Resolved to continue meeting until a Constitution was written
Members of other Estates began to join them

23. Check In Question
A revolution has begun, but you have nothing but shovels to arm yourselves. Where would you go to find weapons and supplies?

24. REVIEW Estates Meeting Simulation Louis XVI’s original plan
Refuted because?
Medieval rules
How did Louis trick them???
Sieyès
National Assembly
Tennis Court Oath

25. Check In Question
A revolution has begun, but you have nothing but shovels to arm yourselves. Where would you go to find weapons and supplies?

26. Storming the Bastille
Louis XVI stations Swiss guards around Versailles
People of Paris flip out…think they need to defend the city against attack
July 14, 1789 Storming of the Bastille
Attack Paris prison
Searching for gunpowder and arms
Similar to what in U.S.???

27. Great Fear Rumors nobles are hiring outlaws to terrorize peasants
Peasants attack nobles’ manor houses
Destroy legal feudal dues papers
Burned them down
Women riot at Versailles in October 1789 over rising bread prices

28. Reforms Night of August 4th, 1789
Noblemen made grand speeches…liberty and equality!
Old Regime dead
National Assembly adopts “Declaration on the Rights of Man and of the Citizen”
Influenced by Declaration of Independence

29. Rights of Man vs. Rights of Woman
Similarities:
Rights of people (liberty, security, property, resist oppression)
Criminal justice
Freedom of speech
Differences:
Women should have the right to speak up about issues
Women deserve equality in employment, offices, honors
Property belongs to both women AND men
Olympe (Rights of Woman)—enemy of the revolution and executed!!!

30. State-Controlled Church
Took over Church lands and sold them to pay off national debt
Church officials and priests should be elected and paid as sate officials
This upsets the peasants
Start opposing Assembly’s reforms
Louis XVI (and family) tries to flee and is caught

31. New Constitution September 1791, Louis XVI forced to accept
Limited constitutional monarchy
Legislative Assembly
Create laws & approve/reject declarations of war
King still enforces laws
Factions
Émigrés
Sans-culottes