1. Human Communication: The Basic Course Twelfth Edition
PowerPoint™ Presentations prepared by:
Naomi Young
University of California, San Diego
Joseph A. DeVito
Hunter College of the City University of New York

2. Chapter Six: Nonverbal Messages
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3. Chapter Goals Learn About:
The functions nonverbal communication serves and how nonverbal communication interacts with your verbal messages
The channels of nonverbal communication
The role of culture and gender in nonverbal communication
Learn To:
Communicate more effectively with nonverbal messages
Respond appropriately to the nonverbal messages of others
Communicate with an awareness of cultural and gender influences and differences in nonverbal communication
Encode and decode nonverbal messages more effectively
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4. The Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Integrating with verbal messages
Forming and managing messages
Defining relationships
Structuring Conversation
Influencing and Deceiving
Expressing Emotions
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5. Integrating with Verbal Messages
Accent or emphasize
Complement or add nuances
Contradicting
Regulating
Repeating
Substituting
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6. Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Manage self-impression
Define relationships
Structure interactions
To influence
To communicate emotion
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7. Functions of Nonverbal Communication cont…
Integrating with Verbal Messages
Accent
Compliment
Contradict
Regulate
Repeat
Substitute
Forming and Managing Impressions
To be liked
To be believed
To excuse failure
To secure help
To hide faults
To be followed
To confirm self-image
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8. Functions of Nonverbal Communication cont…
Defining Relationships
Structuring Conversation
Giving and receiving cues
Influencing and Deceiving
Influencing others through verbal and nonverbal signals
Expressing Emotions
Revealing happiness, sadness, or confusion through facial expressions
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9. The Channels of Nonverbal Communication
Body
Face
Eye
Space
Artifactual
Touch
Paralanguage
Silence
Time
Smell
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10. Body Communication Body Movements (kinesics) Body Appearance Height
5 Major Types
Emblems
Illustrators
Affect Displays
Regulators
Adaptors
Body Appearance
Height
Skin
Color
Tone
General Attractiveness
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11. Facial Communication
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12. Facial Management Intensify Deintensify Neutralize Mask Simulate
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13. Encoding Accuracy - Decoding Accuracy
Women better than men encoding/decoding
Some emotions easier to encode and decode than others
ex. ‘happiness’, ‘surprise’
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14. Eye Communication Functions of Eye Contact Functions of Eye Avoidance
Seeking feedback
To open communication
Signaling nature of relationship
Visual Dominance/Signaling Power
Lessening physical distance
Functions of Eye Avoidance
Help others maintain privacy
Signal lack of interest
Block unpleasant stimuli
Enhance other senses
Civil inattention
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15. Space Communication
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16. Territoriality-Three Types
Primary territories
Secondary territories
Public territories
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17. Territorial Markers
Central markers - items you place in a territory to reserve it
Boundary marker - divides territory
Earmarkers - indicates ownership of a
territory or object
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18. Artifactual Communication
Color Communication
Clothing and body adornment
Space decoration
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19. Touch Communication Meanings Touch avoidance Positive feelings
Intention to play
Control behavior
Ritualistic
Task-Related
Touch avoidance
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20. Paralanguage: The Vocal Channel
Silence
Time to think
Weapon to hurt
To lessen anxiety
Prevent communication
Communicate emotional response
Paralanguage
Qualities
Pitch
Rate
Volume
Judgments about people
Judgments about communication effectiveness
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21. Time Communication Temporal communication/chronemics
Psychological time orientation - emphasis on past, present, or future
Time orientation you develop depends largely on your socioeconomic class and your personal experiences
Cultural time
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22. Smell Communication Attraction messages Taste messages Memory messages
Identification messages
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23. Culture and Nonverbal Communication
Culture and Gesture
Culture and Facial
Expression Culture and Eye Communication
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24. Culture and Nonverbal Communication
Culture and Colors
Colors vary greatly in their meanings from
one culture to another
Culture and Touch
touch functions are not served in the same way in all cultures
Culture, Paralanguage, and Silence
Collectivistic and individualistic
all cultures do not view silence as functioning
in the same way
ex. Muslim children are socialized not to touch members of the opposite sex— can be interpreted as unfriendly
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25. Culture and Time People in different cultures view time differently
The Social Clock
Unspoken timetable that tells if you’re keeping pace with your peers, are ahead of them, or are falling behind
Formal Time
Seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years
Informal Time
“Forever,” “immediately,” “soon,” “right away,” or “as soon as possible
(Neugarten, 1979)
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26. Culture and Time cont… Monochronic Time Orientation
Cultures who schedule one thing at a time
Time is compartmentalized
United States, Germany, Scandinavia
Polychronic Time Orientation
Cultures who schedule more than one thing at the same time
Latin Americans, Mediterranean people, and Arabs
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27. Knowledge to Action
Give some examples in nonverbal communication where offensive language can be replaced with confirming language.
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