2. 15 The Male and Female Reproductive Systems
Lesson 15.1: Reproduction and Development of the Human Reproductive Systems Lesson 15.2: Male Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 15.3: Female Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 15.4: Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth Lesson 15.5: Disorders and Diseases of the Reproductive System

3. Reproduction and Development of the Human Reproductive Systems
Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems
Lesson 15.1
Reproduction and Development of the Human Reproductive Systems

4. Puberty maturation of the reproductive system
males usually reach puberty between 9 and 14 years of age
females usually reach puberty between 8 and 13 years of age
secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulates the pituitary to produce more follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
FSH and LH stimulate the production of testosterone (males) and estrogen/progesterone (females) which stimulate the maturation of repro organs

5. Puberty development of secondary sexual characteristics females males
breast growth
growth of axillary and pubic hair
increase in size of pelvic outlet to prepare for childbirth
menarche – 1st menstrual bleeding
males
growth of scrotum, testes, and length of penis
increased size of larynx and length of vocal cords – deeper voice
nocturnal emissions – discharge of semen during sleep

6. Male Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems
Lesson 15.2
Male Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology

7. Male Reproductive Anatomy

8. Male Reproductive Anatomy
gonads
primary reproductive organs
testes (testicles)
site in which gametes (sperm) are made
sperm
male haploid cells that can fertilize an egg to form a zygote
accessory reproductive organs
needed for sperm maturation and delivery of sperm to the female
include external genitalia – penis and scrotum
include internal structures – prostate, 2 seminal glands, and the 2 bulbourethral glands

9. Male Reproductive Anatomy
scrotum
pouch of skin that hangs outside the body that contains the 2 testes and associated ducts
externally located to keep the testes at a cooler temp to maximize sperm production
muscles that maximize optimum temp of the scrotum
cremaster and dartos muscles contract when the scrotum is cold bringing the scrotum closer to the body
cremaster and dartos muscles relax when the scrotum is warm allowing the scrotum more freedom

10. Male Reproductive Anatomy
sperm
produced in the walls
of the seminiferous
tubules in the testes
mature in the epididymis

11. Male Reproductive Anatomy
penis
delivers sperm to female
glans penis – enlarged distal end
prepuce – foreskin that covers much of the glans penis
shaft
contains erectile tissue
tissues that have spaces to allow blood to pool to produce an erection
2 corpus cavernosa
1 corpus spongiosum
circumcision
surgical removal of the prepuce

13. Male Reproductive Anatomy
ducts of the male reproductive system
ductus deferens (vas deferens)
carry sperm from the epididymis in the scrotum to the pelvic cavity
extends from front to back along the upper lateral border of the bladder
ampula – widened portion of ductus deferens forming a chamber at the posterior side of the bladder
ejaculatory ducts
carry sperm from the ampula to the prostate and then to the urethra

14. Male Reproductive Anatomy

15. Accessory Glands and Semen
fluid that contains sperm
only about 10% of the volume of semen is sperm
2 seminal glands produce up to 70% of the volume of semen
prostate glands produce between one quarter to one third of the volume of semen
2 bulbourethral glands located below the prostate contribute a small amount of fluid to the semen
during ejaculation, between 2-5ml of semen is ejected
normal sperm count is between 20 million and 150 million sperm cells per ml

16. Male Reproductive Physiology
sperm formation
spermatogenesis
formation of spermatids (haploid cells) through mitosis and meiosis
begins at puberty
sexual response
erection
neural impulses travel along parasympathetic nerve fibers to the erectile tissue of the penis
arterioles in the penis relax, filling the erectile tissue with blood
Ejaculation
discharge of sperm from the ejaculatory duct
sperm production and ejaculation

17. Summary spermatids are produced in the seminiferous tubules
once they develop a flagellum, they become sperm and are released into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules and travel to the epididymis
sperm achieve maturation in the epididymis and travel along the ductus deferens to the pelvic cavity to the upper part of the bladder
sperm enter the ampulla which merges with the duct from the seminal gland to form the ejaculatory duct
the sperm in the ejaculatory duct enters the prostate and then joins the urethra for exit out of the penis

18. Review and Assessment
Fill in the blanks with: epididymis, spermatogenesis, testes, or penis.
1. Sperm formation is _______________.
2. The _______________ delivers sperm to the female.
3. Sperm mature in the _______________.
4. Sperm is produced in the _______________.

19. Stop

20. Female Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems
Lesson 15.3
Female Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology

21. Female Reproductive System Anatomy

22. Female Reproductive System Anatomy
the ovaries
oocyte
egg cell
ovulation
release of egg from the ovary

23. Female Reproductive System Anatomy
ducts of the female reproductive system
uterine tubes
connect ovary to uterus
uterus–womb
endometrium
cervix

24. Female Reproductive System Anatomy
vagina
birth canal
external genitalia
labia–majora and minora
clitoris
mammary glands
lactation

25. Oogenesis oocyte production process begins before birth primary oocyte
secondary oocyte
polar bodies

26. The Female Sexual Cycle
also known as the menstrual cycle
ovarian cycle
maturation and release of oocyte
the uterine cycle
uterus readies for implantation

27. The Ovarian Cycle the follicular phase the luteal phase
dominant primary follicle
pituitary gland releases FSH and LH
ovulation
the luteal phase
corpus luteum

28. The Uterine Cycle the menstrual phase the proliferative phase
endometrium breaks down and sheds
the proliferative phase
endometrium grows back
the secretory phase
endometrium prepares to nourish embryo

29. Female Sexual Response
stimulation
tactile
psychological
orgasm

30. Review and Assessment True or False? 1. The vagina is the birth canal.
2. Oogenesis makes sperm.
3. The ovary is also called the womb.
4. Oogenesis begins before birth.
5. Ovulation is release of sperm from the ovary.

31. Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth
Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems
Lesson 15.4
Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth

32. Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth
fertilization of the oocyte
pregnancy
childbirth
lactation

33. Fertilization of the Oocyte
the journey of the sperm
vagina, uterus, uterine tube
capacitation takes up to 10 hours
sperm penetration
zona pellucida
acrosomal enzymes

34. Fertilization of the Oocyte
protection against polyspermy
only one sperm is required for fertilization
more than one sperm causes death of oocyte
chemistry of the zona pellucida changes after sperm entry
completion of meiosis and fertilization
sperm entry causes completion of meiosis
Nejron Photo/Shutterstock.com

35. Pregnancy lasts approximately 265 days
from fertilization to implantation
development of the placenta, embryo, and fetus

36. From Fertilization to Implantation
cell stages
zygote
morula
blastocyst
implantation
blastocyst binds to endometrium

37. From Fertilization to Implantation

38. Development of Placenta, Embryo, and Fetus
after implantation to 8 weeks
placenta
organ that supplies nutrients to embryo and fetus
fetus
after 8 weeks of development

39. Childbirth parturition oxytocin stages of labor birth dilation
expulsion
delivery of placenta

40. Lactation production of breast milk activation of milk-producing cells
prolactin
delivery of milk through ducts to the nipple
oxytocin

41. Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–4 below: dilation, prolactin, implantation, birth.
1. activation of milk producing cells
2. parturition
3. a stage of labor
4. blastocyst binds to endometrium

42. Disorders and Diseases of the Reproductive System
Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems
Lesson 15.5
Disorders and Diseases of the Reproductive System

43. Infertility male infertility female infertility low sperm count
erectile dysfunction
female infertility
failure to ovulate
inability of egg to reach uterine tube
lack of implantation

44. Infertility treatment for infertility in vitro fertilization
lifestyle changes
drugs to induce ovulation
surgery to correct anatomical issues
in vitro fertilization
oocyte and sperm combined outside mother’s body

45. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
viral
HIV and AIDS
genital herpes
human papillomavirus
bacterial
gonorrhea
chlamydia
pelvic inflammatory disease

46. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
detection and prevention
symptoms
genital discharge, sores, rash, burning during urination, and growths
prevention
condom, abstinence

47. Cancers of the Reproductive System
prostate cancer
PSA test
cancers of the female reproductive tract
uterine cancer
ovarian cancer
cervical cancer
breast cancer

48. Review and Assessment True or False?
1. Abstinence will prevent spread of STDs.
2. A virus causes AIDS.
3. A virus causes gonorrhea.
4. A bacterium causes genital herpes.
5. Genital discharge is a symptom of STDs.