1. SBI3U

2. DISCOVERING NAMING DESCRIBING CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS Used to better understand biodiversity In order to describe and classify a new species, one must compare them with other organisms.

3.  Linnaeus was known as the « Father of Taxonomy »  He developed the binomial nomenclature system in order to simplify the classification of organisms and make the scientific names common between all parts of the world.  Linnaeus gave consistency and precision to describe biodiversity.

4.  So that it can be commonly used from region to region. Common names tend to vary.  Using a single standard Latin name for each species avoids any confusion

5.  Each organism is classified based on taxons.  The Taxa become increasingly more specific the further along you go down the taxonomic groups. King Philip Came Over for General Science  Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Genus, Species

6.  When classifying species, scientists look for similarities and differences between organisms.  When scientists look at similarities they look at the organism’s cell type, cell number and DNA sequence.

7. PROKARYOTIC CELLEUKARYOTIC CELL

8. PROKARYOTIC CELLEUKARYOTIC CELL Much smaller in size Much larger in size No nuclear envelope (DNA is free floating) DNA is contained in a nucleus and surrounded by a nuclear enveloppe No membrane bound organelles Contains membrane bound organelles Simple cell type Complex cell type

9. 2) NUMBER OF CELLS: Unicellular: single-celled organisms Multicellular: organism is made up of more than one cell.

10. 3) CELL WALL MATERIAL: Peptidoglycan Cellulose Chitin Organisms vary in terms of the material that composes their cell wall Depending on the material used, these species will be classified into different domains and kingdoms.

11. 4) NUTRITION : Autotrophs: organism captures energy from sunlight to produce its own energy. Heterotrophs: organism that gets its nutrients and energy by consuming other organisms. Autotroph Heterotroph

12. 5) Means of Reproduction: Asexual: offspring arise from a single parent, and inherit the genes of that parent only Sexual: genetic material of two parents are combined to create an offspring Asexual Reproduction

13.  The different cell types, forced scientists to create a higher taxa than « kingdom » that reflected these cell types.  The higher taxa was known as «Domain »  Prior to 1990, the domain was classfied into two main groups « Bacteria and Eukarya ».

14.  In 1990, a three-domain grouping was proposed.  Scientists wanted to separate the Bacteria domain into two main groups, « Archaea » and « Bacteria ».  There were large differences between some of the bacteria that enabled scientists to categorize them into a separate group.

15. Nowadays, scientists base their classfication system on the three- domain grouping.

16.  Over many years, scientists have continuously changed the way in which Kingdom taxa was divided.  In the 1800’s scientists believed there were only 2 kingdoms 1) Plants 2) Animals.  Over time, as technology increased, scientists began to learn new information that lead them to subdivide kingdoms into 6 main groups.

17. The type and number of cells for each kingdom is different. This is one of the primary distinctions between each of these groups. Scientists have also used other information to categorize these different groups. (i.e. Nutrition, method of reproduction etc)