1. Unit 8 Dates: Pink People: Yellow Events: Blue
Texas in the Civil War and Reconstruction
(Civil War )

2. How does this picture describe the era of Texas during the Civil War?

3. 1. Color your Civil War Map 2. Complete your key/legend 3
1. Color your Civil War Map 2. Complete your key/legend 3. Label when Texas seceded (M/D/Y)

4. Make a Large Bubble Chart Like This

5. Reasons Texas was involved in the Civil War
State’s Rights – Texans believed that the federal government should not intervene in state decisions.
Slavery – Texans believed slavery was vital to the economy. Why?
Sectionalism- What is sectionalism?
The Texas economy, social structure, customs and political values were much like other southern states.

6. Reasons Continued
Texans wanted low tariffs to continue as they traded cotton with European nations.
What is a tariff ?
A tariff is a tax that is placed on an imported good.
Southern states produced 80% of the world’s supply of cotton.

7. Political, Economic, and Social effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction in Texas

8. Political Effects What does political mean?
Make a bubble map of the following political effects of the Civil War.
Texas joins the Confederate States of America (February 1, 1861)
Houston removed from office because he failed to sign an oath to the confederacy- (March 1861)
Conscription Act – 60,000 Texans joined the Confederate army
Some Texans sided with the Union and joined the Union forces

9. Economic Effects What does economic mean?
Make a bubble map of the economic effects of the Civil War.
Shortages of commodities, such as coffee, medicine, clothing, salt, paper
Trade along the Mexican border continued and supplied some of these items to Texas
Cotton production declines-corn and wheat production increases
Shortage of free labor
Inadequate production in agriculture and business
Shortages were also due to the Union blockade along the Texas Coast

10. Social Effects What does social mean?
Make a bubble map of the social effects of the Civil War.
Loss of family members
Union supporters were treated with hostility
Greater responsibilities for women and children during the war. Why?

11. Reconstruction in Texas

12. Political Effects of Reconstruction
Make a bubble map of the political effects of Reconstruction.
Martial Law – What is martial law?
The Constitution of 1876 was written. This is the current constitution for Texas.
Indian Wars – The government removes Native Americans from the frontier
Make a bubble map of the Reconstruction amendments.
Reconstruction Amendments
13th Amendment (1865) legally forbade slavery in the U.S
14th Amendment (1868) all persons born in the U.S. (except Native Americans) were citizens and that all citizens were entitled to equal rights regardless of their race, and their rights were protected by the due process of the law
15th Amendment (1870) granted black men the right to vote

13. Economic Effects
Make a bubble map of the Economic effects of Reconstruction.
Growth of tenant farming and sharecropping
What is a sharecropper?
Expansion of Railroad
Cattle industry booms

14. Social Effects
Make a bubble map of the social effects of Reconstruction.
Concern over the future of freedmen
What is a freedman?
Juneteenth – June 19th, 1865 – Emancipation Day in Texas (African Americans learn they are free)
What does emancipate mean?
Freedmen’s bureau established
What was the bureau for?
Black Codes (State laws that limit the rights of African Americans)
Ku Klux Klan (terrorized African American voters and kept them away from the polls)

15. Significant Individuals and Events Concerning Texas and the Civil War

16. Significant Individuals
John Bell Hood – leader of the Confederacy’s Hood Texas brigade
Most notable battle Seven Day’s Campaign and fought at Gettysburg
Ft. Hood in Killeen is named for him
John Reagan- Served in the cabinet of Confederate President Jefferson Davis as Postmaster General
Francis Lubbock – Governor of Texas in Camp assistant to Confederate President Jefferson Davis

17. Significant Individuals
Thomas Green – Confederate general who led the troops that were on the gunboats.
John Magruder- Commanded Confederate forces in Texas and retook Galveston.
Lawrence Sullivan “Sul” Ross – General in the Confederate army
19th Governor of Texas
President of Texas A&M University

18. Make a timeline of the following events.
Significant Events The first battle of the Civil War was at Fort Sumter, South Carolina-April 12, 1861
Battle of Galveston
Make a timeline of the following events.
July Union Navy blockades Texas ports.
October 1862 – Union fleet sailed into Galveston Harbor and Confederate forces retreated.
Confederate General John B. Magruder recaptured Galveston by converting two steamboats into gunboats by lining their sides with cotton bales earning the nickname “Cotton Clads”
January 1, 1863 – General John B. Magruder and his men attacked Union forces in Galveston Bay capturing several hundred soldiers.
The city of Galveston was again under Confederate control.

19. Battle of Sabine Pass Make a timeline of the following events.
1863- The Union made plans to invade Texas.
Union General William B. Franklin and troops hoped to land his army near Sabine City and then march overland to attack Houston and Beaumont.
Ft. Griffin at Sabine Pass was guarded by Confederate Lieutenant Richard Dowling and Davis Guards.
September 8, 1863 Union Soldiers attacked but the Davis Guards fought back making a complete victory for the Confederacy.

20. Battle of Palmito Ranch
Make a timeline of the following events.
Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865 at Appomattox Courthouse, but Confederate forces did not stop fighting for another month because word spread slowly.
May 12, 1865 – The Union army moved inland to occupy Brownsville. This battle was fought along the Rio Grande River.
They collided with Confederate troops led by John S. Ford who captured over 100 Union troops and battled with them.
Union troops informed the Confederate troops that the war was over.

21. Texas was readmitted to the Union on March 20, 1870

22. Structure and Functions of Government

23. Municipal Level – Town or City
Mayor- manages the city’s government
Functions– Make a Bubble Map
1)police and fire protection,
2) emergency medical services (ambulances),
3) sewers and water lines
4) inspection of health and sanitation rules
5) zoning rules that govern what kinds of buildings may be placed in certain parts of the city.

24. County Level (254 Counties in Texas)
Structure – Precincts, Each precinct has a county commissioner, headed by a county judge
Functions – Make a Bubble Map
1)Help the state collect taxes,
2)oversee and administer law enforcement,
3)provide services to the rural (outside the city) population

25. State Level
Executive Branch – Governor and Lieutenant Governor Who is our current Governor and Lieutenant Governor? Functions – Make a Bubble Map 1)Maintain highways 2)interpret and enforce laws, a prison system, and a National Guard 3)supports public schools, colleges, and universities, and public health

26. Sources of Revenue for State and Local Government
What is revenue?
State and local governments are funded by ____________, such as:
Property Tax – A tax based on the value of your property.
Sales Tax – A consumption tax set at 6.25% (Cities, Counties, Etc. may impose and additional 2%) largest source of tax revenue.
State and local governments receive federal funds for projects.
Federal funds – Second largest source of tax revenue.
State and local governments collect fees
Licenses and permits, utilities, etc.
Interest on investments, state lottery, and money earned from public lands
TEA (Texas Education Agency) Provides standards and policies for education in Texas

27. Rights of Texas Citizens
Rights defined in the Texas Constitution and Texas Bill of Rights

28. Article One of the Texas Constitution (Texas Bill of Rights)
Make a bubble chart.
Freedom of Worship
Freedom of speech and press
Freedom of assembly
Protection from unreasonable searches and seizures
Equality under the law
Fair trial and rights of the accused in criminal prosecutions
Rights of Crime Victims:
Notification of court proceedings
the right to present at all hearings
the right to be notified of the accused release from prison