2. Truman arrives to address the annual convention of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in 1947, the first US president to do so

3. A racially integrated Army unit fighting in Korea

4. Segregated drinking water in Georgia, c. 1953

5. Linda Brown, the little girl in Topeka, Kansas, whose father filed suit after the school board forced her to go to a school more than a mile from her home when an all- white school was seven blocks away

6. Earl Warren, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court which ruled in May of 1954 that “Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal,” beginning the end of the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson precedent

7. Emmett Till, a 14- year old Chicago boy who dared to whistle at a white woman

8. Emmett Till’s savagely beaten body—the price a black boy paid for whistling at a white women in the supposedly progressive America of the 1950s

9. Rosa Parks being arrested

10. Empty busses during the Montgomery Bus boycott Section from the Montgomery municipal code requiring city busses to segregate

11. Montgomery, Alabama, Klan members warn of the grave dangers of letting black people sit next to white people on busses

12. Montgomery Bus Boycott Demonstrated blacks deeply desired freedom and equality and were willing to personally sacrifice to achieve it Unified blacks from different classes, different shades of skin color Demonstrated power of organizing, civil protests, and the strength in numbers Laughed at the Klan rather than feared them Brought to national prominence a new leader for black civil rights

13. Martin Luther King speaking at bus boycott rally, 1956

14. The 26-year old Reverend Martin Luther King, arrested during the Montgomery Bus Boycott Decidedly non-radical, reasonable leader, but passionate and inspiring Doctorate from Boston University in theology Believed civil rights would be won through Christian love and non-violent resistance "If we are arrested every day, if we are exploited every day, if we are trampled every day, don't ever let anyone pull you so low as to hate them. We must use the weapon of love. We must have compassion and understanding for those who hate us. We must realize so many people are taught to hate us that they are not totally responsible for their hate." --Martin Luther King

15. Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus, who rejected the Supreme Court’s ruling that all U.S. schools must integrate

16. Soldiers escorting the Little Rock Nine into Central High School

17. Four college freshmen stage a spontaneous sit-in at the whites only section of Woolworth lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, February 1960

18. Advice for lunch counter sit-in participants

19. In 1963 whites try to force both the black and white participants in the Woolworth sit-in in Jackson, Mississippi, to leave by dumping food on them, burning them with cigarettes, etc. The Tougaloo College NAACP organizer, James Salter, is on the left. Anne Moody on far right?

20. Routes of the 1961 Freedom Rides

21. A Freedom Rides bus is attacked and set on fire by a mob in Anniston, Alabama

22. One of the Freedom Riders beaten by a white mob in Montgomery, Alabama, armed with baseball bats and lead pipes

23. Two other victims of mob violence in Montgomery— local ambulances refused to take victims to hospital

24. Birmingham, Alabama, police (many of whom were white supremacists) use dogs to attack peaceful protestors

25. Mississippi NAACP organizer Medgar Evers at home with his wife and two children Evers’s own driveway, where Beckwith murdered him by shooting him in the back on June 12, 1963

26. Sunday morning, September 15 th, 1963, the KKK bombs the 16 th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama

27. The three civil rights workers murdered in 1964 in Philadelphia, Mississippi, with the cooperation of the local police force

28. Malcolm X, the charismatic spokesman for the Nation of Islam, and an early advocate of black power, separatism, and nationalism

29. Malcolm X is assassinated in February of 1965, most likely by members of the Nation of Islam who resented his break with and increasing criticism of the organization

30. The remains of burned and vandalized buildings following the violent Watts Riots in August of 1965

31. Questions?