1. The Appearance of the Sacred

2. Exterior of Chartres Cathedral

3. Chartres Cathedral, France

4. Patterns of Sacred Appearance Prophetic Sacramental Mystical

5. Prophetic pattern Prophet: speaks message on behalf of another –Often focused on social justice –In religion, might speak for God Focus on the message, given by a messenger Stress on belief, society, and morality—all centered around revelation, usually given in history

6. Sacramental pattern Sacred is mediated through something material and tangible –Needs a mediator, like a priest or shaman –Example: Eucharist visible sign (bread and wine) of an invisible grace (sacred presence of Christ) Stress on sacred objects and ritual as vehicles for the sacred

7. Mystical pattern Focus on change of consciousness to encounter the sacred –Example: Buddha’s enlightenment –Might have “other-worldly” connotations –Might focus on visions, out-of-body experiences, or extraordinary perception Stress on states of consciousness, feeling, and experience

8. Media of Sacred Appearance Persons Objects Time Space Focus: Architecture

9. How are these patterns found in different religions? All three patterns can be found in a religion –Ex: Christian focus on Bible, sacraments, and mystics But, some feature a particular pattern more prominently –Islam: Mohammed, Koran, focus on justice –Buddhism: Meditation, enlightenment –Judaism: Moses, Torah, ethical obligations –Christianity: God becomes human, worship includes sacraments

10. Page of an illuminated Koran

11. St. John’s Bible Page from Genesis 21 st century

12. Mosque, International Medical Center, Saudi Arabia

13. Buddhist mandalas of sand

14. Zen Center of Denver

16. Jewish Synagogue interior

17. Ukranian Catholic Church

18. Greek Orthodox Church

19. Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (former Orthodox church, now a museum)

20. Hagia Sophia

21. Hagia Sophia