1. Chapter 21 Politics and Protest 1860-1900 Lincoln (1861-65) johnson (65-69) grant (69-77) hayes(77-81) Garfield(1881) arthur (81-85) cleveland (85-89,93-97) harrison ( 89-93) mckinley (97-1901)

2. Section 1 – Agrarian Unrest (p 568) Grasshoppers could devour a farmer’s field in no time. They ate anything green, choked wells to the brim, broke the branches off fruit trees by their weight, and even devoured harnesses and tool handles. “They actually hurt me as they flew against my face and hands. The wagon ….was literally filled with them. The road was seething…I saw Father standing almost in despair. So thick were the grasshoppers in the cornfield of which both of us had been so proud, that not a spot of green was left to be seen. And within two hours…. Not a spot of green was left.”

3. Section 1 – Agrarian Unrest Farmers had to deal with all sorts of problems, like prairie fires, dust storms and drought. Decreases in crop prices, mainly due to overproduction was also a concern. New technology made growing crops easier. The Grange – was a group that tried to help out farmers. They organized mills, factories, banks, insurance companies, grain elevators and co-operatives.

4. Section 1 – Agrarian Unrest Interstate commerce Act – regulated trade between states. Railroads’ rates must be “reasonable and just”. Set up strict laws that railroads must follow to stop price gouging. It established the precedent that the federal government might control large-scale private enterprise if the public good seemed to require it. It also provided a model for the regulatory commissions of today.

5. Section 2 – Rise and Fall of Populism ( p573) “In God, we trusted. In Kansas, we busted.” Lots of families lost all their money on the farms and went back to the cities in the east. The greed of bankers, railroads and government officials were to blame for their losses. Populist Party – who promised to solve these problems. Inflation – spending power is diminished. Gold standard – countries could only produce a percentage of their total gold reserves into currency.

6. Section 2 – Rise and Fall of Populism Populist movement – third party politics – this party took away votes from the mainstream parties and influenced the decision makers in the big 2 parties. Omaha platform – farmers and laborers They were against the idea that 2 classes were being created in the USA – “tramps and millionaires” “We believe that the powers of government –in other words – the people – should be expanded ….as rapidly and as far as the good sense of an intelligent people and the teachings of experience shall justify.”

7. Section 2 – Rise and Fall of Populism Republicans ( McKinley ) had become more identified with big business This is still true today. Bush – republican Obama - democrat In Canada today Conservatives – big business Ndp – labour Liberals – kinda middle road

8. Section 3 – other Forces of Reform Temperance – the movement to try to ban the sale of alcohol…led by religious and women’s groups Women’s suffrage – the attempt to get the vote for women Unions – also tried to improve the working conditions of employees and were very influential in the electoral process

9. Section 3 – other Forces of Reform Socialism – social programs were started to help out less fortunate people at this time. Karl Marx – father of communism – government control of all aspects of citizens’ lives. Conspicuous consumption – rich people buying luxury items just for show….

10. Section 3 – other Forces of Reform