1. Table of Contents Index Subheadings Glossaries Sidebars Visual Representation of Information descriptive writing, compare/contrast, problem/solution, and sequential styles of writing other expository organizational styles http://www.somers.k12.ny.us/intranet/reading/signalwords.html#descr http://www.somers.k12.ny.us/intranet/reading/questions.html

2. Compare/Contrast On the other hand.... On the contrary.... In contrast.... Similarly.... Likewise... As opposed to Both… However.. Instead of… Compared with… Descriptive For example.... As an example.... For instance.... One feature… A characteristic of… Cause and effect There are three reasons why.... From this we see As a result… Therefore… Because>>> So… In order to….. Consequently… Effects of;; Leads to… For this reason Sequence First... Second... Third.... Next… Finally…

4. In a small group search through a set of texts. Can you locate the following kinds of visual texts? Find as many as you can. Consider the purpose that each type of visual text serves. A Flow Diagram A Pie Graph A Table Picture Glossary A Scale Diagram A Cutaway A Tree Diagram A Birds Eye View Context Map A Flow Map A Column Graph A Concept Web A Photograph A Line Graph A Cross section A Bar Graph A timeline Multiple timelines

5. Picture Glossary: defines parts of a whole. Ie picture with labeled parts Make a picture glossary of a butterfly. Scale diagram: shows the size of something in relationship to a familiar objector through the use of a scale in the key. There are different kinds of scales for showing size, temperature, speed, weight Make a scale diagram of a whale. Cutaway diagrams: cutting away or peeling off the outside layer Take the covering off of a clock and show its inner workings. Cross section Diagrams: taking a slice through something to reveal the inner workings in one plane ie taking a knife and cutting an orange in half to see a surface that shows the internal structure. Make a cross section of an apple.

6. Bar and Column Graphs: information that can be compared, measured, ranked Bar goes across the page from left to right. Column measures units up and down a page. Create a bar graphs of birthdays of students in RDG 588 Create a column graph of special features of dinosaurs. Line Graphs: show changes to size or value of the same subject to see if there is a pattern or a trend Make a line graph showing monthly rainfall for each month of the year to see if there is a pattern or trend. Pie graph: shows the relative importance of aspects of a whole. Make a pie graph showing the popularity of the classes favorite candy bars. Create a Graph at http://nces.ed.gov/nceskids/Graphing/http://nces.ed.gov/nceskids/Graphing/

7. Flow Diagrams: shows a process that moves through time or space, they can show change, growth or cause and effect, how to They can be linear, circular, show forks in a sequence Make a flow diagram of the life cylcle of a butterfly. Make a flow diagram of the food chain. Tree Diagrams: organize information into heirarchies according to groups and subgroups Make a tree graph on transportation. Create a tree diagram showing your family relationships Concept Webs: diagrams that link subjects with a network of lines and arrows that show realtionships in a variety of directions. Make a concept web that shows relationships of charaters within a story.

8. Simple timelines: One dimensional organizing information in chronological order. Create a timeline showing an important event for each year of your life. Multiple timelines: plotting times for different subjects along the same axis Create a multiple timeline showing the timeframe of dinosaurs living in different time frames

9. Problem/Solution Problem/Solution requires students to identify a problem and consider multiple solutions and possible results.

10. Compare/Contrast Comparison/Contrast is used to show similarities and differences. Key frame questions: What are being compared? How are they similar? How are they different

11. Fishbone Mapping A Fishbone Map is used to show the causal interaction of a complex event (an election, a nuclear explosion) or complex phenomenon (juvenile delinquency, learning disabilities). Key frame questions: What are the factors that cause X? How do they interrelate? Are the factors that cause X the same as those that cause X to persist?

12. Venn Diagram The Venn Diagram is made up of two or more overlapping circles. It is often used in mathematics to show relationships between sets. In language arts instruction, Venn Diagrams are useful for examining similarities and differences in characters, stories, poems, etc.