1. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 John Arthur SLAC LCLS Construction and Science

2. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 X-rays have been the most widely-used probe of nano-world structure visible x-ray

3. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 LCLS will enable the study of the dynamics of the nano-world synchrotron source new territory

4. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 Key features of LCLS X-Ray FEL Radiation Sub-picosecond pulse 230 fs FWHM pulse (ultimately < 10 fs) Very high peak power and brightness More than 10 12 photons/pulse

5. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 injector Near Hall Far Hall LCLS will use 1 km of the SLAC linac

6. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 LCLS New Construction

7. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 Major LCLS Construction Areas Linac Sector 20: LCLS injector Beam Transport Hall across Research Yard Undulator Hall under survey tower Near Exptl Hall and Central Lab Office Complex near PEP road X-ray Transport Hall underground Far Experimental Hall underground

8. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 LCLS Injector and Linac modifications Injector construction underway Begin commissioning spring/summer 2006 Linac mods during FY05, FY06 downtime No interruption of linac schedule, but FY06 downtime is critical

9. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 Research Yard construction Will begin early summer 2006 Begin with demolition of FFTB Will permanently divide Research Yard in two Road over survey hill will be improved Construction will continue through 2008

10. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 Underground construction Will begin summer 2006 Will often interrupt the PEP road Will utilize the Alpine gate as construction entrance Ways to minimize disruption being evaluated Will continue through 2008

11. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 LCLS – Revised Estimated Cost, Schedule $315M Total Estimated Cost (includes $59.7M contingency) $379M Total Project Cost FY2005 Long-lead purchases for injector, undulator FY2006 Construction begins FY2008 FEL Commissioning begins FY2009 Q2 Construction complete – operations begin – CD-4 20022003200420052006FY2008FY2009 Construction Operation FY2001FY2002FY2003FY2004FY2005FY2006FY2007 CD-1CD-2a CD-2b CD-3a CD-3b CD-0 Title I Design Complete XFEL Commissioning CD-4 Project Engineering Design Long-Lead Procurement

12. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 LCLS Science

13. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 LCLS will be operated as a user facility by the SLAC Photon Science Division, for the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences If funding permits, ~6000 hr/year operation Science program will be flexible; initial concepts being developed now with advice from LCLS Science Advisory Committee

14. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 LCLS Science Thrust Areas Atomic, Molecular, and Optical (AMO) science High-energy-density (HED) science Diffraction studies of stimulated dynamics Coherent-scattering studies of nanoscale fluctuations Nano-particle and single-molecule (non-periodic) imaging After a broad call for proposals in 2004, the LCLS SAC identified:

15. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 Formation of Hollow Atoms: h  900eV  Auger =2.5fs Multiphoton Ionization: h h Atomic Physics The interaction of strong x-ray electromagnetic fields with atoms should produce many unusual effects Normal H wavefunction H wavefunction in strong x-ray field

16. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 High Energy-Density Science Astrophysical and weapons-related studies lie in the area of warm dense matter. Largest uncertainties in many applied research areas of chemistry and physics come in the warm dense regime normal solids hot plasmas 0 C 10,000 C 100,000,000 C “warm dense matter”

17. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 Stimulated Dynamics (Femtosecond Chemistry) fs laser initiates reaction Delayed x-ray probe pulse sample Combine single-pulse x-ray diffraction with fast laser excitation Studies of small system reactions can be compared with theory X-ray FEL offers the ability to follow the motions of atoms on a femtosecond time scale

18. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 Femtosecond Chemistry (cont.) Electronic excitation of a bridged bimetallic complex causes bond length shortening and rotation. These excited state molecules can catalyze a variety of chemical reaction including H 2 production. Ground stateExcited state

19. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 t=0 t=  In picoseconds - milliseconds range sample splitter variable delay Analyze contrast as f(delay time) Nanoscale Dynamics in Condensed Matter (Dynamics of large groups of atoms) Look at equilibrium dynamics in solids and liquids, by taking a succession of flash images

20. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 X-Ray Diffraction from a Single Molecule or Nano-particle Avoids radiation damage problem by taking diffraction data before damage occurs Would allow much broader range of biological structures to be determined

21. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 BES funding for the Thrust Areas AMO science is included in LCLS construction project HED science deemed to be outside the mission of BES Probably will be funded by another agency 3 other Thrust Areas funded through a new project called “LCLS Ultrafast Science Instruments” (LUSI)

22. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 Development of an LCLS science community Through many workshops since 1992, the LCLS science community is already large and active (>150 people) LCLS SAC meets semiannually at SLAC 5 Thrust Areas have identified spokespeople, who have quarterly meetings at SLAC Plan is to have yearly general meetings of LCLS science community New ideas are always welcome

23. John Arthur jarthur@slac.stanford.edu LCLS September 26, 2005 LCLS Summary LCLS design is nearly complete, construction is starting Budget is adequate and DOE has been very supportive First light expected in late 2008 LCLS will enable qualitatively new types of science The science program will evolve as experience is gained