1. Biological Diversity
Algae
Archegoniate
Spermatophyta

2. Characteristics of Algae
Eukaryotes
Most unicellular, but some multicellular
Autotrophic
Produce oxygen that is returned to the atmosphere
Range in size from microscopic to hundreds of feet in length
Do not have true roots, stems, nor leaves
Form gametes (eggs & sperm)
Found in freshwater, marine, and moist soil habitats
Most have flagella

3. Chlorophyll a & b Carotenoids
Cell Wall composition
Food Storage 
Pigments
Structure of Thallus
Phylum
Mainly Cellulose
Starch
Chlorophyll a & b Carotenoids
Unicellular Colonial Filamentous Multicellular  
Chlorophyta (Green Algae)
Cellulose Algin
Laminarin 
Chlorophyll a & c Carotenoids Fucoxanthin Peridinin
Multicellular
Phaeophyta (Brown Algae)
Cellulose CaCO3
Chlorophyll a & d Phycobilins Carotenoid
Rhodophyta (Red Algae)
Pectin SiO2
Starch 
Chlorophyll a & c Carotenoids Xanthophyll
 Unicellular Some Colonial
Bacillariophyta (Diatoms)

4. Chlorophyll a & c Carotenoids Unicellular
Cell Wall composition
Food Storage 
Pigments
Structure of Thallus
Phylum
Cellulose
Starch
Chlorophyll a & c Carotenoids
Unicellular
Dinoflagellata (Dinoflagellates)
Laminarin
Chlorophyll a & c Xanthophyll Carotenoids
 Unicellular Some Colonial
Chrysophyta (Golden Algae)
No Cell Wall  Pellicle
Paramylon
Chlorophyll a & b Carotenoids Xanthophyll
Euglenophyta (Euglenoids)

5. Different shapes of algae

6. Different shapes of algae

7. Different shapes of algae

8. Chlorophyta : Chlamydomonas

9. Life Cycle of Chlamydomonas

10. Phaeophyta
Fucus

11. Rhodophyta
Gelidium

12. Bacillariophyta (Diatoms)
Centric diatoms : Cyclotella
Pennate diatoms : Navicula

13. Dinoflagellata:(Dinoflagellates

14. Chrysophyceae
Mallomonas

15. Euglenophyta
Euglena

16. Archegoniate

17. Archegonium : The female organ

18. Antheridium : The male organ

20. Typical alternation of generations life cycle

21. Typical alternation of generations life cycle

22. Bryophytes
Bryophytes are small, nonvascular plants.
Bryophytes lack vascular tissue and have life cycles dominated by the gametophyte phase.
Roots are absent in bryophytes, instead there are root-like structures known as rhizoids.

23. Moss Life cycle

24. Pteridophytes
Pteridophytes are vascular plants have specialized transporting cells xylem (for transporting water and mineral nutrients) and phloem (for transporting sugars from leaves to the rest of the plant).
Pteridophytes are larger and more complex than bryophytes, and have a life cycle where the sporophyte is more prominent than the gametophyte.

25. Vascular tissues development

26. Fern Life cycle

27. Spermatophyta The Seed Plants

28. Alternation of Generations

29. Seed producing plants can be divided into two groups
Gymnosperms - produce seeds but the seeds are not contained inside any structure. These plants have cones.
Angiosperms - the seeds are produced inside and “ovary” which becomes the fruit. These plants have flowers.

30. Development of A Gymnosperm seed

31. Development of A Gymnosperm seed

33. Flowering Plant Reproduction
Flower Structure

34. Seed Structure