1. World History Chapter Five Section Three

2. The Rise of Christianity Christianity emerged during the Pax Romana One of many, then grew rapidly Made the official religion of Rome in 380’s A.D Many religions in Rome - tolerated Cult of Isis – offered women equal status with men Roman soldiers chose the cult of Mithras – favored good over evil and life after death

3. Trouble in Judea By 63 B.C. Rome conquered Judea – area of Palestine where most Jews lived Most Jewish people were willing to live under Roman control Zealots – strong believers in faith – did not want Rome ruling them Wanted the Jews to revolt and reestablish and independent Jewish state Some believed the messiah would soon arrive to save them from the Romans

4. Jewish Rebellion 66 A.D. Jews rebelled against the Romans Romans destroyed the rebellion, captured Jerusalem and destroyed the Jewish temple there Next century the Jews again rebelled and the Romans destroyed the city of Jerusalem Thousands killed, thousands enslaved, others scattered around

5. Jesus – Jewish man that proclaimed to be son of God Almost all info. About Jesus comes from the Bible – Mathew, Mark, Luke, John Born in 4 B.C. in Bethlehem Descendent of King David of Israel Grew up in Nazareth and worshiped as a Jew He learned to be a carpenter from his father At age 30 – began preaching by the Sea of Galilee Crowds gathered to hear him speak

6. Jesus Crowds heard of his healing powers, told stories with simple moral lessons Recruited 12 apostles “a person sent forth” to help him spread message Preached obedience to the law of Moses and believed in other Jewish prophets Many believed he was the awaited messiah Taught love, justice, morality, serve others Two major duties: Love the Lord your God with all your heart and Love your neighbor as yourself

7. Condemned to Death Some Jews approved of Jesus other thought he was blasphemous and a trouble maker He was betrayed, arrested and sentenced to death Crucified – nailed to a stake / cross and left to die Body missing, rumors of Jesus rising

8. Christianity

9. Apostles spread Jesus’ message after his death Some believed he was the Messiah and they became known as Christians Apostles and disciples began teaching all throughout the Roman empire Peter established Christianity in Rome itself Paul played the largest role in the spread of Christianity

10. Paul

11. Never met Jesus – persecuted Jesus’ followers Had a vision and joined the Christians and began preaching to the gentiles – non-Jews Missionary that spread Christianity Traveled around the Mediterranean Set up churches in Asia Minor and Greece Believed those that followed Jesus’ teachings would achieve eternal life

12. Oppression At first tolerance was not extended to the Christians Thought to be disloyal to Rome because they would not honor the emperor or gods with sacrifices Met in secret to avoid persecutions and they were thought to be engaged in evil Persecution increased – Nero used Christians as scapegoats for social or economic problems Christians were killed for beliefs – martyrs Killed in the coliseum for entertainment

13. Christian Message Message appealed to poor and oppressed Promise of a better life Missionaries used the roads and protection of the Romans to carry out work Christianity finally accepted by Romans when Constantine issued the Edict of Milan Granted freedom for all people to worship how they wanted Theodosius made Christianity the official religion of Rome and repressed other faiths

14. Church Early Christian Church – person had to be baptized to join Through baptism they were forgiven of their sins All considered equals and called each other brother and sister Women had a large role in the early church – teachers and administrators Later on women were not allowed to do this

15. Clergy Only men could be clergy – group of people who conduct Christian services Each church and clergy were grouped as a diocese – had its own priest Over the priest was a bishop – traced authority to the apostles and then to Jesus Gained power and control in Rome, Antioch, Alexandria, Jerusalem, Constantinople

16. Differences Split in church – In the Latin west – bishops of Rome became the Popes – claimed authority over all bishops In the east, Constantinople, the other bishops felt they should all be equal Heresies – beliefs different from the churches teachings – church leaders met to discuss these and often disagreed