2. Female & Male Images In Media

3. Are media portrayals as harmful to men as to women?

4. Martin & Gentry (No) zSocial Comparison Theory zDrive to evaluate own opinions & abilities leads us to compare ourselves to other people.

5. Advertising zimposes a “sense of inadequacy” on women zcreates & reinforces preoccupation with women’s physical attractiveness

6. zAds encourage women to compare themselves to models zMotivations influence effect of ads

7. Cottle zRecent advertising trends are just as harmful to men zUnforgiving & unrealistic images zMen’s magazines encourage obsession with body image, aging & sexual prowess

8. Male Images in Media

12. In the Beginning Lucky the Diet Coke Hunk 1994 Marky Mark 1993

13. Hollywood Beefcake

17. There are even posters

18. Tough Guise zMen, masculinity & media

19. Ken: Now and Then

20. Female advertising images Video: “Killing Us Softly” Jean Kilbourne

21. Changing beauty standards zIn 1957, Miss America was 5'7" and weighed 150 pounds. zThe average modern Miss America: z5’7'' z121 pounds

22. Before & after: “Plus Size” Size 12

23. Jamie Lee in More Magazine

24. AfterBefore

25. DOES THIS REMIND YOU OF ANYTHING?

26. Double Standard in Hollywood? zPercentage of women in the US who are 40 or older: 42 zPercentage of actresses appearing in movies in 2002 who were 39 or younger: 78

27. Double Standard?

28. People Magazine article zWhat point is the article making? zDo you see any irony here?

29. Media Images of Gender: Research

30. Children Now study: zMedia exposes boys to narrow, confining definition of masculinity zAnger & violence solve problems z"Gender straightjacket" limits range of emotions allowed

31. zDo the media objectify men in the same way they do women? zAre the consequences different?

32. Video Games zMajority male characters (92% to 54%) zFemale bodies exposed (38%) zLarge breasts & small waists

33. For Example...

35. Sex in the Media

36. Sex, Lies & Women's Mags zStories about sex are "tweaked" zQuotes changed / stories embellished / people made up zWhy does this matter? zAre stories about sex "a formidable cultural force"? zOr just an entertaining diversion?

37. Sex on TV (Kaiser Foundation Report) zMore sexual content on TV now than ever before zSexual behaviors zTalking about sex zHas it gone too far? http://www.parentstv.org/PTC/clips/main.asp

38. Concerns about youth zTV informs youth about sex zTV shapes ideas about what others are doing zWho else does this?

39. Context zOnly 10% refer to risks or responsibilities of sex zMore likely w/teen situations

40. zTV sex influences other teens a lot or somewhat 3rd person effect 72% 22% zTV sex influences ME a lot or somewhat

41. The Porn Factor zIs pornography transforming sexuality & relationships for the worse? zUnrealistic expectations of appearance & performance zDifficulty forming sustaining relationships zDifficulty feeling sexually satisfied zDenigration of women

42. zEffects on children z(socialization by “eavesdropping”) zCorrelations with aggressiveness & abuse zErotica vs pornography