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TOC / CP TEACH REF: FM3.0 FM5.0 FM5-0.1 FM6.0 Appendix C&D
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AGENDA TOC Functions Roles and Responsibilities Information Management
TOC Design/Layout TOC Manning Battle Rhythm/ Shift Change Briefings Sustainment
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HOW DO WE SEE OURSELVES IN THE FIGHT?
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Common Problems Understanding / implementing TOC functions
Use of TOC personnel (especially NCOs and soldiers) Information management and battle tracking TOC organization
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Six TOC Functions
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The six basic TOC functions
Receive Information Distribute Information Analyze Information Make recommendations to the commander Integrate resources Synchronize resources
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TOC Functions Receive Information Receive messages, reports, orders
Monitor tactical situation Maintain a journal of all significant activities and reports Monitor enemy situation Maintain status of critical classes of supply
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Distribute Information
TOC Functions Distribute Information Submit reports to higher HQ Serve as communications relay Publish orders and instructions Process and distribute information to appropriate units or staffs
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TOC Functions Analyze Information Consolidate reports
Anticipate events and activities, take action Conduct predictive analysis Identify information that relates to CCIRs Conduct MDMP Identify the need to execute contingency plans
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TOC Functions Make Recommendations to the commander
based on available information and analysis Integrate and Synchronize Resource coordinate, supervise, track, and report COA Analysis (Wargaming) during MDMP
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Duties / Responsibilities Operations / Battle NCO
Executive Officer S3 Battle Captain Operations / Battle NCO RTO / Soldiers S1 S2 S4 S6 “Situational understanding for CP members includes knowing who needs what relevant information and why they need it.” FM The Operations Process
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Duties / Responsibilities
Executive Officer Supervise and coordinate the staff “CHIEF OF STAFF” Develops/Supervises the Main CP’s Battle Rhythm Overall in charge of the MDMP Process Monitor BN combat readiness and direct actions to improve the status Integrate, synchronize and anticipate operations from the Main CP
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Duties / Responsibilities
Prepares, coordinates, and publishes OPORDs FRAGOs, and WARNOs (ALL STAFF CONTRUBUTE!!) Supervise and coordinate current ops and plans Participates in targeting meetings Runs the BN TAC CP as required by missions Prepares the Operational Estimate and Maintains the Running Operational Estimate (See FM 5-0 App. E) Integrates fire support into operations
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Duties / Responsibilities
Battle Captain Supervise efforts of staff NCOs Conduct analysis of available information - Maintains a wide view of operations “step back and see the battlefield” Assist the review and distribution of information Assist monitoring location and activity of friendly units Assist the S3 during MDMP Briefs patrol leaders on friendly situation prior to patrol SP Serve as TOC OIC during absence of field grades CALM DOWN, DON’T SPIN, WORK THE ISSUE
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Duties / Responsibilities
OPS SGM/ S3 NCOIC Supervise accountability and maint. of equipment Supervises CP PCCs, PCIs, and battle drill training Coordinate CP displacement Coordinate/Supervise CP setup (external/internal) Supervise publication of orders / graphics Monitor updating of CP information (SIGACTS, COP) Supervise TOC security plan Manage shift, guard, sleep plans Assist XO with Battle Rhythm enforcment
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Duties / Responsibilities
Battle Staff NCOs Be the SME in their WFF Supervise distribution of reports / messages Update maps and charts Supervise publication of orders / graphics Supervise TOC setup / breakdown Manage shift, guard, sleep plans Assist developing / wargaming COAs Serve as recorder during MDMP
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Duties / Responsibilities
RTO / Soldiers Monitor the radios Receive and record reports Update status charts and maps Assist publication of orders and graphics Assist TOC setup and breakdown Serve as recorders during MDMP Prepare charts and graphics
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Duties / Responsibilities
Responsible for maintaining unit strength and other human resource support. Prepares the Personnel Estimate and Maintains the Running Personnel Estimate (See FM 5-0 App. E). Manages the casualty reporting system including soldiers that are KIA (Killed In Action) and WIA (Wounded In Action). Plans CASEVAC/MEDEVAC for the unit Coordinates for finance, legal, and postal activities. POC for morale support activities.
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Duties / Responsibilities
Prepares the Intelligence Estimate and Maintains the Running Intelligence Estimate (See FM 5-0 App. E) Roll plays EN forces during MDMP Prebriefs Patrol Leaders on EN situation and PIR prior to patrol SP Debriefs Patrol Leaders following RP
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Duties / Responsibilities
Responsible for logistical planning Prepares the Logistics Estimate and Maintains the Running Logistics Estimate Responsible for Maintenance Planning / Recovery process Coordinates with the FSC/HHC to ensure that Troops and attachments the unit receive: - Maintenance support - Supply support - Transportation support - Field services support
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Duties / Responsibilities
Responsible for communications planning Prepares the Signal Estimate and Maintains the Running Signal Estimate Oversees communication status of the unit. Often serves at the unit EWO
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Duties / Responsibilities
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Duties / Responsibilities
Football Team Analogy BN CDR Head Coach Executive Officer Offensive Coordinator S Defensive Coordinator Battle Captain Quarterback Operations / Battle NCO Linebacker RTO / Soldiers Lineman
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Information Management
Information Display Message Handling Battle Tracking
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Information Management
Information Display Charts for plan, prep, execute, post battle Identify the CRITICAL information Determine display means Clear, concise, complete, visible Minimize chart clutter Routine versus mission specific Mini charts in notebook for movement Use in garrison for training AAR your system
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Information Management
Message Handling Identify how specific types of messages and information must be processed Determine who conducts the action required Practice, practice, practice = battle drill Pre-printed, multi-copy message forms Keep TOC noise to a minimum
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Critical and Exceptional
Information Flow Message Company Cdr/XO/S3 Battle CPT S2 FSO S3 Air Avn LNO CA/Psyop Eng Chemo RTO Shift NCO (QA/QC) CCIR Critical and Exceptional Info Flow Routine Info Flow Journal/ LOG SIGACTS Status Chart Operations Graphics Distrib: Higher Lower Adjacent Staff Post Clipboard Message # X TTPs: TOC/Staff Huddles Empower NCOs to manage the flow of information in the TOC Have a plan to handle message flow…and rehearse it Use preprinted message forms that produce multiple copies OBJ
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Information Management
Battle Tracking Identify and prioritize critical information Develop a system - chart, sketch, matrix Understand and enforce the system Everyone plays a role Information versus journal management Standardized map boards Which system will be our COP? (CPOF/MCS)
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“Form follows function.”
TOC Layout “Form follows function.” - Frank Lloyd Wright
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Effective common factors...
TOC Layout Effective common factors... High degree of organization Tailored to unit requirements Do not segregate staff sections Do segregate plans from operations
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TOC Layout Designing your TOC Driven by actions associated with
duties and responsibilities Centrally locate XO and Battle Captain Traffic control plan Storage plan / packing lists Message traffic / information flow Separate area / tent for plans / briefings Plan for different TOC configurations
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WHY? Does your CP manage information like this? Or like this?
Continuous Targeting & Situational Awareness Human To Human Interaction Computers Provide Info Support Prioritization of Info Requirements Proactive & Anticipation Focus Does your CP manage information like this? DISPLAY MAP Or like this? DISPLAY “Attention In The CP!” Human To Machine Interaction Computers Substitute for Situational Awareness Cells Develop Own Prioritization of Info Requirements Reactive & Procedural Focus WHY?
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Current Ops Cell Set Up MAP CPOF COP BFT Feed PRINTER PRINTER OPS SGT
REP BFT CAU RTO CAU RTO DCGS-A CAU AFATDS FS NCO Combat Trains Command Post CAU S2 CPOF CPOF CPOF S3 CPOF BTL NCO BTL CPT XO/S3
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TOC Setup S6 Current Operations Cell Hard to get to
Separate from briefing Separate from planning Separate from Ops Allows planners to focus on planning not current ops Leader Workspace (BC, CSM, XO, S3) Planning Cell (S2, S3(P)) Easily accessed keeps traffic down near current ops. Sustainment Cell (S1, S4, CH) Briefing Tent SCAR
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TOC Manning
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BN Battle Rhythm MUST BE SYNCHRONIZED WITH BDE BTL RHYTHM!!
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Continuous Operations
MISSION ANALYSIS COA DEVELOPMENT WARGAME ORDER PRODUCTION A WAY BN SYNCH Staff Huddle 1200 1300 BN TGT Meeting 1000 0900 1500 BN DAILY FRAGO TOC Shift Change 1600 0700 C2 BATTLE RHYTHM Continuous Operations BN BUB 0600 1800 1900 Shift Change BDE BUB 2000 BACKBRIEFS 2400 BCT FRAGO BATTALION CONTINUOUS PLANNING
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TOC Shift Change Briefing
Use an OPORD format (5 paragraphs), Battle CPT and Ops SGT lead, XO/S3 observe and QC All briefers cover last 12 and next 12 hours Should take minutes max All TOC personnel!!! Down to the lowest ranking soldier Outgoing RTO mans the radio, so oncoming can gain SA Briefed using the COP, show attendees where events did or will happen NO POWERPOINT NEEDED!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Habitually conducted Conducted during 1 hr overlap, leaves 30 min for one on one transition
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CSS Functions Manning Sustaining Arming Planning Fueling Execution
PERSTAT, Admin actions CASEVAC Operations Casualty Tracking/Reporting IV/V management CASEVAC Operations Regen Point LOGSTAT Reporting Arming Ammunition tracking/distro Unique CLV needs Planning Receive BCT orders MDMP for BN orders CSS Decision Points TOC Functions Fueling CL IIIB and CL IIIP Resupply attachments Execution Fixing A&L Net use Personnel Losses Vehicle Losses Maint Recovery Recovery/Repair O26 vs 5988E vs 02 Parts PMCS Quality CBT PWR Battle Tracking
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Successful CSS ANTICIPATES CDR’s directives Company’s needs
MDMP = logistics estimate Look at it from unit’s perspective – what would you need to accomplish your mission? IS CONTINUOUS Reports are essential Improvise as necessary, but then add to your SOP SOP (Regen Point, Casualties, Base Defense) Do we know what we have on-hand? IS INTEGRATED Platoon through brigade Must support the operational plan Poor plan = CSS reactive instead of proactive Are companies accurately reporting OH quantities (& needs) on LOGSTATs? Are we sending an accurate LOGSTAT to Bde? Are we conducting a LOG Meeting to consolidate status & requirements? Does it cover maintenance, classes of supply, medical needs, and other resource needs for the mission/training? IS RESPONSIVE CSS Team ALWAYS available to companies, BN, and Higher HQ LOGSTAT / PERSTAT reports Do we have aggressive representation and coordination with BCT & BSB to get what we need? 5
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SUMMARY TOC Functions Roles and Responsibilities
Information Management TOC Design/Layout TOC Manning Battle Rhythm/ Shift Change Briefings Sustainment
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QUESTIONS?
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Common CP Functions Maintain Running Estimates Information Management
Develop &Dessiminate Orders Control Operations Assess Operations Coordinate with Higher, lower, and adjacent units CP Admin (displace, security, Organization, continuity of operations) Types= TAC, Main, Cbt Trains, Field Trains Ref FMI (2-13)
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BUB ROLE IN CONTINUOUS OPS
A WAY MISSION ANALYSIS COA DEVELOPMENT WARGAME ORDER PRODUCTION 72 HOUR TARGETING PROCESS BUB TARGETING SYNCH MEETING FRAGO IDENTIFY TARGETS 72 HOURS OUT DEVELOP TARGET COA 48 HOURS OUT SYNCHRONIZE TARGET COA 24 HOURS OUT PURPOSE: BRIEF THE COMMANDER ON PAST 24 THROUGH NEXT 72 HOUR STATUS 1. STAFF RUNNING ESTIMATES ANSWER THE “SO WHAT” 2. STATUS OF LAST 24 EXECUTION 3. STATUS OF NEXT 24 (RESULTS OF SYNCHRONIZATION) WHAT ARE THE DECISION POINTS FOR NEXT 24? 4. STATUS OF NEXT 48 (TROOPS TO TASKS) NOMINATE TARGETS FOR NEXT 72 (MISSION ANALYSIS) BUB INCLUDES OPERATIONS UPDATE, MISSION ANALYSIS BRIEF, COA BRIEF, AND BACKBRIEF ALL IN ONE
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ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF STAFF ESTIMATES
* COMPREHENSIVE - SEE THE ENEMY, SEE THE TERRAIN, SEE THEMSELVES * CONTINUOUS - NOT CYCLICAL (CONSTANTLY COLLECT, PROCESS AND EVALUATE INFORMATION) UPDATE WHEN: 1. COMMANDER AND STAFF RECOGNIZE NEW FACTS 2. ASSUMPTIONS BECOME FACTS OR ARE INVALIDATED 3. CHANGE TO MISSION * VISUALIZE THE FUTURE - LINK CURRENT OPERATIONS TO FUTURE PLANS * ALL STAFF OFFICERS KEEP AND UPDATE ESTIMATES
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COMPREHENSIVE BUB AGENDA
A WAY INTEL UPDATE RUNNING IPB WEATHER EFFECTS RELIGIOUS / TRIBAL / ECONOMIC ISSUES UPDATES TO THREAT MODELS UPDATES TO THREAT TTPs REVIEW ESTABLISHED PATTERNS / INCIDENT OVERLAYS REVIEW HVTs / MSR STATUS IDENTIFY CRITICAL MOBILITY AREAS REVIEW NEW THREAT COAs FOR BN MISSIONS REVIEW ACCIDENTAL / TACTICAL RISKS REVIEW ANSWERED REG / BN PIR PROPOSE ADDITIONAL PIR OPERATIONS LAST 24 REG SIG ACTS STATUS / MISSIONS OF ALL UNITS HOURS OUT. CURRENT FFIR STATUS REVIEW ADDITIONAL SPECIFIED, IMPLIED, AND ESSENTIAL TASKS IDENTIFY NEW CONSTRAINTS REVIEW CONTROLS FOR IDENITFIED RISKS NEXT 24: DECISION POINTS NEXT 48: TROOP TO TASK AND SCHEME OF MANEUVER NEXT 72: CAPABILITIES AND RECOMMEDED TARGETS
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COMPREHENSIVE BUB AGENDA
A WAY CSS LOGISTICS ESTIMATE NEXT 24: CONCEPT OF SUPPORT NEXT 48: STATUS OF ESSENTIAL SUPPLIES AND SERVICES NEXT 72: CAPABILITIES C2 REVIEW CURRENT STATUS OF ABCS, MSE, FM, HF COMMS NEXT 24: COMMUNICATIONS OVERLAYS / IDENTIFY DEADSPACE NEXT 48: PROPOSE RETRANS LOCATIONS, REFINE COORDINATION REQUIREMENTS NEXT 72: LIMITATIONS LOCATION OF TAC LOCATION OF COMMANDERS COMMANDER NEXT 24: REVIEWS AND APPROVES DSM NEXT 48: REVIEWS TROOP TO TASK AND PRIORITIES NEXT 72: REVIEWS TARGET LIST AND SETS INITIAL PRIORITIES APPROVES CCIR IDENTIFIES TIME AND PLACE FOR BACKBRIEFS DESIGNATES MISSIONS FOR DELIBERATE COMPLETE MDMP
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CCIR Applicable only to the commander that specifies it
Directly linked to present and future tactical situation Situation-dependent Events or activities that are predictable Specified by the commander for each operation Time-sensitive information that must be immediately reported to the commander, staff, and subordinate commanders Always included in an OPORD or OPLAN Transmitted by a communications system specified in the SOP
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PIR / EEFI / FFIR Priority intelligence requirements are those intelligence requirements for which a commander has an anticipated and stated priority in his task of planning and decision making. Essential elements of friendly information are the critical aspects of a friendly operation that, if known by the enemy, would subsequently compromise, lead to failure, or limit the success of the operation, and therefore must be protected from enemy detection Friendly force information requirements are information that the commander and staff need about the forces available for the operation.
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Information Management
BATTLETRACKING SITUATIONAL AWARENESS PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS Intel: Maneuver scouts Engineer recon Mobility Status Unit Locations Engr vs. Maneuver Engineer Mission Status IED Status Class IV/V Status Available in BCT Other Sources of Supply Infrastructure Assets available for Targeting Initial / Refined Assessments Project Management Status Shift Brief Situation: Enemy Friendly Slant / assets Mission status Actions: Last 12 hrs: Next 12 hrs: TOC priorities/tasks for next 12 Hrs Issues: So what does this mean? What will happen next? What are my options? Advantages/disadvantages? What’s your recommendation? Cdr’s Card Sketches Dry erase board Graphic Intelligence Summaries HOW CAN WE HELP THE COMMANDER IMPACT THE FIGHT? HOW DO WE VISUALIZE THE INFO?
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Battle Command Fundamentals
RUNNING ESTIMATE DECIDING, CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS SEE ENEMY SEE TERRAIN BATTLE COMMAND TIME SPACE LEADING, MOTIVATING MORAL & PHYSICAL PRESENCE PURPOSE EMBEDDED- INTENT, VISUALIZATION CURRENT & END STATE SEE YOURSELF
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