1. Chapter 16: The Phrase
English 12A – Mrs. Krabill

2. WHAT IS A PHRASE?
A PHRASE is a group of related words that is used as a single part of speech and that DOES NOT CONTAIN BOTH A SUBJECT AND VERB (that would be a clause)
EXAMPLES:
VERB PHRASE: have been talking (no subject)
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE: during the winter (no subject or verb)
INFINITIVE PHRASE: to hunt well (no subject or verb)

3. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES include a preposition, the object of the preposition, and any modifiers of that object
John bought roses and a box of chocolate because he was going on his first date of the year.

4. PREPOSITIONS 

5. MORE PREPOSITIONS 
Pg. 518

6. ADJECTIVE PHRASES
ADJECTIVE PHRASES are prepositional phrases that modify a noun or pronoun.
Tells what kind or which one.
One of my friends tweeted that I was ugly.
Almost always FOLLOWS the word it modifies… can be the object of another preposition
I tweeted back that she was more ugly than all of the girls in our class.

7. ADVERB PHRASES Key Concept:
Adverb phrase: prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, an adjective, or an adverb.
Answers the questions: how, when, where, why, to what extent.
After I go home tonight, I will watch Criminal Minds
Tells when, modifies “will watch”
My brother, interested in my life, read my diary when I was younger.
Tells how, modifies “interested”
The runner finished too slowly for a Boston entry.
Tells how, modifies “slowly”

8. Practice Makes Perfect!
Pages Exercises 1-2

9. Participles
A participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective.
The freezing rain made the road slippery. (present)
The team won an engraved trophy for first place. (past)

10. Participial Phrase
Consists of a participle and any modifiers. The entire phrase is used as an ADJECTIVE!
Smiling proudly, the coach accepted the trophy for his team.
Searching frantically, governments look through their security footage for the lost plane.
The Artist, known formerly as Prince, is still popular.
The fans, knowing his music, still buy tickets to his concerts.

11. Practice!!
PRACTICE!! Exercise 3 odds…. (evens, too, if you are having troubles!)
Review B – Participial vs. Prepositional

12. Absolute Phrase Absolute phrase consists of the following:
Participle or participial phrase
A noun or pronoun that the participle or participial phrase modifies
Any other modifiers of that noun or pronoun
The ENTIRE phrase is used as an adverb to modify a WHOLE clause in a sentence.
No grammatical connection to any word in the clause it modifies
Answers when, why, or how.
Their iPads having been restricted, the students could no longer play Clash of Clans. (answers why)

13. More examples…
We walked along the shore, the water splashing at our feet. (answers how)
Speaking of beaches, don’t you wish it was summer?
Their reputation as winners secured by another victory, the New England Patriots remain at the top of their division.
PRACTICE: Review B

14. Gerunds
A gerund is a verb form ending in –ing that functions as a noun.
Running a marathon requires significant training. (subject)
Please stop talking. (direct object)
The team gave pitching their full attention. (indirect object)
What I miss about home the most is stopping at Starbucks for a coffee. (predicate nominative)
How well you do on the test is dependent on the amount of studying that happens. (object of preposition)

15. Gerund Phrases Consists of a gerund and its modifiers
Will ALWAYS begin with an –ing word
Remembering to move the Elf on the Shelf is difficult for busy parents. (subject)
The highlight of my weekend was shopping in Traverse City. (predicate nominative)
I got a ticket for going too fast because I was excited. (object of preposition)

16. Appositives
KEY CONCEPT: An appositive is a noun or pronoun placed beside another noun or pronoun to identify or describe it.
Examples:
My friend Melanie works in a jail.
You can see her by breaking and
entering, a felony.

17. Appositives (con’t)
Appositives can be used at the beginning of a sentence for emphasis.
Example:
Sometimes linked with Easter, spring break is always a needed break for students and teachers alike.

18. Appositive phrases
KEY CONCEPT: An appositive phrase consists of an appositive and its modifiers.
Examples:
I would like a new car, a black Ford Mustang, for my birthday.
I will be rooting for the Seahawks, this year’s NFC champions, in the
Super Bowl.

19. PRACTICE
Page 568 – Exercise 6 – ODDS ONLY

20. Infinitives
Key Concept: A verb form that can be used as a noun, adjective, or adverb
Noun: Person, place, thing, or idea
Adjective: Modifies a noun or pronoun
Adverb: Modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb
MOST infinitives begin with “to”
To go, to leave, to stay, to win
To begin is sometimes the hardest part of anything.

21. Infinitive phrases
Key Concept: Consists of an infinitive and any modifiers or complements
Students have time to go to the restroom between classes.
To go to the concert is Kelly’s dream.
Mrs. Krabill wants students to lead class discussion.

22. Practice! Page 566, Exercise 5 – ODDS only!
Homework– Review D, ALL questions.