1. Eras of transportation technology and changing urban morphology

2. U.S. Policies Favour Suburban Growth in Contrast to Canada Housing finance  FHA/VA mortgage guarantees  Mortgages tax deductible in U.S. 1956 Interstate Highway Act  Inner city freeways  Beltways – irony!  Transit ridership low  Cheap fuel dependence Inner city housing projects Urban social caricature of U.S.-Canadian contrast ‘White flight’ & ‘Tipping point’  vs. Multiculturalism, diversity, gentrification

3. Detroit: Ford Freeway, 1987

4. Multinode urban form with Edge Cities Pizza pie model

5. Commuting Patterns Eroding spatial affinity between home and workplace Core→suburb, beltway commuting reverse commuting longer distance commuting Critical isochrone Distance decay

8. “Frictionless Zone & Distance Decay in Commuting

10. Manneken-Pis, Brussels

13. Urban labour force issues Low income inner city residents Pink collar back office zones Elite technical workers  Amenity  Quality of life  Prestige locations

14. Manufacturing & Industrial Location Theory – Chapter 10 Material Transformation Urban→suburban Employment source Linkages Key decision Investment in place Fixity→Industrial inertia Clustering of industrial activity

15. Corporate Behaviour Recognition of future production capacity needs Options to meet future production capacity needs Adjustment in-situ Acquisition New plant expansion How and who decides? (Org. structure) Site selection