2. Cold War 2 Review Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union

3. Who was President Nixon’s most important Secretary of State? Henry Kissinger

4. What was the relationship between the Soviet Union and communist China in the early 1970s? The Soviet Union and China were rivals for power.

5. With what country did President Nixon begin to establish formal diplomatic relations in 1972? Communist China

6. Who was the leader of communist China in 1972? Mao Zedong

7. What was the capital of communist China? Beijing

8. Who was the Soviet Union’s leader in 1972? Leonid Brezhnev

9. What was the capital of the Soviet Union? Moscow

10. What two countries were involved in the SALT talks? The United States and the Soviet Union

11. What does SALT stand for? Strategic Arms Limitation Talks

12. Name the Soviet-American discussions to establish limits on the number of nuclear weapons. The SALT talks

13. Name the first treaty to establish limits on the number of nuclear weapons held by the United States and the Soviet Union. The SALT Treaty

14. What two factors caused the Soviet Union’s collapse? Internal and external pressures

15. What Republican became president in 1981? Ronald Reagan

16. What American president called the Soviet Union “the evil empire”? Ronald Reagan

17. What was the basis of President Reagan’s defense policy? A massive military buildup

18. What was the effect of President Reagan’s military buildup on American relations with the Soviet Union? It increased tension between the United States and the Soviet Union.

19. What action did President Reagan take in Western Europe during his first term? Reagan placed new nuclear missiles in Western Europe.

20. How did the renewal of the arms race with the United States affect the Soviet Union during President Reagan’s presidency? It forced the Soviet Union to increase its military budget to keep up with the United States.

21. What was the state of the communist economy in the Soviet Union during the early 1980s? Inefficient

22. Who became the leader of the Soviet Union in 1985? This leader was known for the policies of “Glasnost” and “Perestroika.” Mikhail Gorbachev

23. What was the two-fold purpose of Gorbachev’s new policies? 1) Revive the Soviet economy 2) Reform the Soviet system

24. What is the Russian word for openness? Glasnost

25. Name Gorbachev’s policy of encouraging freedom of expression in the Soviet Union. Glasnost

26. What Russian word referred to restructuring Soviet society? Perestroika

27. What types of economic and political changes did Gorbachev want to occur in Soviet society? 1) Less government control over the economy; 2) Some private enterprise; 3) Steps toward democracy

28. What type of restructuring did Perestroika do? Economic restructuring

29. What expectations did Gorbachev’s new policies raise among the Soviet people? 1) Higher standard of living; 2) Increased freedom

30. How did Gorbachev’s reforms affect the Soviet system? They placed more internal pressure on communism.

31. With what movement did Gorbachev have to deal inside the Soviet Unon? Nationalism in the Soviet republics

32. What were the two sources of external pressure on the Soviet government under Gorbachev? 1) East European satellites; 2) President Reagan

33. What countries were Soviet satellites after World War II? The countries of Eastern Europe

34. What does one call a nation that is formally independent, but dominated by another power? A satellite

35. What was the name of the revolutionary labor movement in Poland during the 1980s? The Solidarity movement

36. Who said, “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall”? President Ronald Reagan

37. What structure divided East Berlin from West Berlin during the Cold War? The Berlin Wall

38. What was the best known symbol of the Cold War? The Berlin Wall

39. What was the communist part of Berlin during the Cold War? East Berlin

40. What was the democratic part of Berlin during the Cold War? West Berlin

41. What government built the Berlin Wall? East Germany

42. Why was the Berlin Wall built? To prevent people from escaping from communist East Berlin to democratic West Berlin

43. What happened to the Berlin Wall in 1989? It was torn down.

44. What happened in Germany in 1990? East Germany and West Germany reunited under the democratic West German government.

45. What happened to the Soviet Union in 1991? It fell apart or collapsed.

46. What were the three Baltic republics? Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

47. What action did the Baltic republics take in 1991? They declared their independence from the Soviet Union.

48. What precedent did the Baltic republics set in 1991? Other Soviet republics declared their independence from the Soviet Union.

49. What political party was dismantled in the Soviet Union in 1991? The Soviet communist party

50. What action did Gorbachev take on Christmas Day, 1991? He resigned and declared the Soviet Union had ended.

51. What war, which began in 1945, ended by the end of 1991? The Cold War