1. America’s History Sixth Edition
Henretta • Brody • Dumenil
America’s History Sixth Edition
CHAPTER 4
Growth and Crisis in Colonial Society,
Copyright © 2010 by Bedford/St. Martin’s and Mr. Ellington, Ruben S. Ayala High School

2. Ch. 3: Growth and Crisis in Colonial Society, 1720-65
1. Freehold Society in New England
A. Farm Families: Women an the Rural Household Economy
B. Farm Prosperity: Inheritance
C. The Crisis of Freehold Society
2. The Middle Atlantic: Toward a New Society,
A. Economic Growth and Social Inequality
B. Cultural Diversity
C. Religious Identity and Political Conflict
3. The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening,
A. The Enlightenment in America
B. American Pietism and the Great Awakening
C. Religious Upheaval in the North
D. Social and Religious Conflict in the South
4. Midcentury Challenge: War, Trade, & Social Conflict,
A. The French and Indian War Becomes a War for Empire
B. The Great War for Empire
C. British Industrial Growth and the Consumer Revolution
D. The Struggle for Land in the East
E. Western Uprisings and the Regulator Movements

3. Part 1: Freehold Society in New England 1A: Farm Families: Women and
The Rural Household Economy
Puritan women were subordinate to their husbands
Women had a dual of role of being a helpmate and rearing kids, usually 6-7

4. Part 1: Freehold Society in New England 1B: Farm Property: Inheritance
Men strived to own enough property to provide an adequate inheritance for the children
Inheritance led to the power to arrange marriages
Women gave up their property when (re)married
Whole towns of independent property owners emerged in New England

5. Part 1: Freehold Society in New England 1C: The Crisis of Freehold Society
High birthrates brought an inheritance crisis and ended arranged marriages
Smaller families and more efficient farming partially offset the land crisis
Community exchange preserved freehold system

6. Part 2: The Middle Atlantic: Toward a New Society 2A: Economic Growth and Social Inequality, 1720-65
The Mid-Atlantic colonies grew quickly and became diverse
½ of all white farmers in the mid-Atlantic were landless by 1760
By the 1760s, many towns were crowded and divided

7. Part 2: The Middle Atlantic: Toward a New Society 2B: Cultural Diversity
Quakers, Germans, and Scots all settled in the Pennsylvanian and surrounding areas
Most Ethnic groups resisted assimilation and held on to their culture and language
Estimated European Migration to the British Mainland Colonies,

8. Part 2: The Middle Atlantic: Toward a New Society 2C: Religious Identity and Political Conflict
Strict marriage rules kept Quaker society intact
Quaker tolerance and pacifism came under attack as they became a minority in PA
Diversity in the mid-Atlantic caused ongoing tension

9. Part 3: The Enlightenment and Great Awakening 3A: The Enlightenment in America
Reason replaced folk wisdom in the early 1700s
Enlightenment ideas appealed to educated and affluent people, like Ben Franklin
Deists viewed God as a “watchmaker”

10. Part 3: The Enlightenment and Great Awakening 3B: American Pietism and the Great Awakening
Pietism stressed righteous behavior and appealed to the masses
Edwards began a revival with his strong preaching
Whitefield led huge camp meetings sparking First Great Awakening

11. Part 3: The Enlightenment and Great Awakening 3C: Religious Upheaval in the North
The Great Awakening was the first broad social movement in American history
It split many “Old Light” churches and propelled the growth of newer denominations
New colleges and a new sense of religious independence came about

12. Part 3: The Enlightenment and Great Awakening 3D: Social and Religious Conflict in the South
Presbyterians and Baptists spread in the South
Baptists became popular with small farmers and preached Christianity to slaves also
Power of planters and role of women not changed

13. Part 4: Mid-Century Challenge: War, Trade
and Social Conflict,
4A: The Fr. & Indian War Becomes a War for Empire
France and England both claimed western lands
Colonial and British rejection of Franklin’s Albany Plan showed growing differences
A Virginia militia led by Washington attacked a French fort the Ohio area leading to war

14. Part 4: Mid-Century Challenge: War, Trade,
and Social Conflict,
4B: The Great War for Empire
The French & Indian War merges starts a worldwide war for empire, The Seven Years’ War
France lost all its North American colonies
The Proclamation of 1763 was issued after Pontiac’s rebellion, greatly angering the colonists

15. Part 4: Mid-Century Challenge: War, Trade,
and Social Conflict, C: British Industrial Growth and the Consumer Revolution
Trade and industrialization made England powerful
The middle colonies became world’s bread basket
Transatlantic trade raised colonial living standards but also left Americans in debt and dependant

16. Part 4: Mid-Century Challenge: War, Trade,
and Social Conflict,
4D: The Struggle of Land in the East

17. Part 4: Mid-Century Challenge: War, Trade,
and Social Conflict,
4E: Western Uprisings and Regulator Movements
Westward expansion and economic difficulties sparked disputes over Indian policy, political representation, debts
Paxton Boys massacred 20 Indians
Regulator groups used force to protect farmers from foreclosure and demand political changes