1. 3.4 French and Indian War Objective: Learn how Britain defeated France and her native allies. Understand how the conflict led to growing tension between Britain and her colonies.

2. TRUE OR FALSE
The British Parliament passed the Sugar Act to reduce the colonies’ production of sugar.
The Proclamation of 1763 was intended to keep Native Americans from settling in British territory.
General Braddock’s victory at Ft. Duquesne set the stage for Britain’s invasion of Canada.
William Pitt was Britain’s greatest general of the war.
The French and Indian war lasted 5 years.

3. Beaver as Worker and Prey, from Chatelain's Carte Tres Curieuse de la Mer du Sud, Atlas Historique, vol. VI
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Beaver as Worker and Prey, from Chatelain's Carte Tres Curieuse de la Mer du Sud, Atlas Historique, vol. VI
This French engraving illustrates beavers' environmental impact and Indian methods of hunting them for commercial purposes. (National Archives of Canada)

4. Map: European Claims in North America
The dramatic results of the British victory in the Seven Years (French and Indian) War are vividly demonstrated in these maps, which depict the abandonment of French claims to the mainland after the Treaty of Paris in 1763.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

6. Drills Identify characteristics of Spanish Colonies
Identify characteristics of English Colonies
Identify characteristics of French Colonies

7. COMPARE/CONTRAST SPAIN FRENCH(Dutch) ENGLAND Govt. supports colony
Gold & God
Plantations
Conquer
(Conquistadors/
Mestizos)
Nominal Govt. support
Trade
Outposts/Forts
Native Alliances
Collaborative
Private Corporations
Settlements
Colonies
Punitive Conflict
No mixing/
separation.destruction

8. Competition for the Ohio
Fr, Marquette, SJ – 1st European to explore great lakes and Mississippi
1749, Virginia speculators in Ohio Company claim 500,000 acres in Ohio Valley
1754, George Washington, surveyor, leads 150 Virginia Militiamen to resists French movement on Ohio, esp. For Duquesne
Washington loses Fort Necessity
Seven Years War begins – global conflict
“America was conquered in Germany.” William Pitt
1754 Albany Congress – seeks colonial unity, Indian alliances
Union achieved in theory, not in fact

9. Daniel Boone Escorting Settlers Through the Cumberland Gap by George Caleb Bingham
Bingham's is the best known of the many prints and paintings depicting this singular moment in colonial westward expansion. (Washington University Art Gallery)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

11. Conflict in Europe, Conflict in Americas
France and Spain frequently ally against Britain
France allies with Native Americans, guerrilla style conflict in New World
King William’s War,
Queen Anne’s War
Britain extends control, Treaty of Utrecht 1713
King George’s War,
French and Indian War,
Note: Acadians

12. Fort Necessity, May 1754 (reconstruction)

13. Map: The Seven Years War in America
After experiencing major defeats early in the war, Anglo-American forces turned the tide against the French by taking Fort Duquesne in late 1757 and Louisbourg in After Canada fell in 1760, the fighting shifted to Spain's Caribbean colonies.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

14. BRADDOCK ROAD

15. Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh)

16. Braddock’s Defeat 1755 Gen. Braddock, 2,000 men march on Fort Duquesne
Mix of colonial militia and Regulars
Braddock’s slow moving forces decimated by French and Indian forces, flanking
Frontier goes up in flames, Indian raiding parties move uncontested
Britian’s invasion of Canada, 1756, fails

17. Franklin’s Cartoon, Pennsylvania Gazette

18. William Pitt 1757, Pitt becomes leader in Parliament
1758, Pitt organizes attacks on Montreal
& Quebec, Louisbourg
1758 Fort Duquesne falls, renamed Pittsburgh
Pitt puts James Wolfe in charge of taking Quebec
Montcalm defends Quebec for France
1759 Quebec falls, Wolfe and Montcalm killed
Battle for Quebec is one of most significant engagements in British and American history
Montreal falls 1760

19. Map: The Seven Years War in America
After experiencing major defeats early in the war, Anglo-American forces turned the tide against the French by taking Fort Duquesne in late 1757 and Louisbourg in After Canada fell in 1760, the fighting shifted to Spain's Caribbean colonies.
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

20. Fall of Quebec, 1759 Battle on the Plains of Abraham

22. Peace? Line of Demarcation 1763
France thrown off continent entirely
Spain given possession of New Orleans and trans-Mississippi Louisiana
Spain loses Florida, regains Cuba
Great Britain dominant in North America and at sea
Friction growing b/w Britain and Colonials
Growing smuggling
Colonies fail to unite
Pontiac’s Uprising – Increasing tension with N. Americans
Cost of War leads to increasing friction with Britain

23. Map: European Settlements and Indians, 1754
Indian tribes
1750

24. Pontiac’s Uprising

25. Colonies and Britain Grow Apart
Line of Demarcation inhibits movement west!!!
This angers Colonials greatly.
10,000 British troops stationed in colony
Quartering of troops angers colonists
Cost of troops in Colonies heavy burden for Great Britain
George Grenville becomes Prime Minister in 1763
Conflict over Smuggling and Searches of Private Property
1764 Sugar Act
Seeds of Rebellion

26. Sugar Act WHO: Passed by George Grenville, British Prime Minister
WHAT:
Halved duties on molasses (to discourage smuggling)
Created new duties on imports (to raise more $)
Smuggling cases now to be heard in British Admiralty Courts, not colonial courts with colonial juries
WHEN: 1764
WHERE: British Colonies
WHY: Britain needed money to pay her huge debt from the French and Indian War and on-going cost of protecting the Frontier.

27. CONFLICT IN THE OHIO VALLEY
PEACE?
1763

28. CONFLICT IN THE OHIO VALLEY
Braddock defeated
Wash. defeated
Pitt takes charge
Quebec falls
Ft. Duquesne falls
Montreal falls
PEACE?
1763
France leaves Am.
FL now British