1. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007 Tools to Promote Transparency/Understanding of Students’ Educational Experiences A brief overview Antoinette Charon Wauters University of Lausanne, Switzerland

2. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 2 Outline 1.The European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) 1.A short history 2.What is ECTS now? 3.State of implementation (Trends V 13 03 2007) 4.Questions still under progress 2.The Diploma Supplement 1.Background 2.What is the DS? 3.State of implementation (Trends V 13 03 2007) 4.Questions still under progress 3.Other tools 4.Conclusions

3. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 3 ECTS 1. A short history/1 ECTS 1. A short history: “From credit transfer to credit accumulation” In 1989, ECTS was introduced as a pilot scheme in the ERASMUS programme. Objective: facilitate academic recognition for the ERASMUS students by providing instruments for increased transparency and comparability, to assist recognition and portability of credits obtained in partner institutions. In 1999, the signatory states in the Bologna process identified ECTS ‘as a proper means of promoting the most widespread student mobility’. At the 2002 EUA Zurich conference on Credit Transfer and Accumulation, the role of ECTS in transfer and accumulation was endorsed.

4. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 4 ECTS 1. A short history/2 In 2003, at the Berlin conference, the Ministers stressed: a.the important role played by ECTS in facilitating student mobility and international curriculum development; … b.They encourage further progress with the goal that the ECTS becomes not only a transfer but also an accumulation system, … In 2005, at the Bergen conference, Ministers identified also ECTS as: a.one of the key elements of the Framework of Qualifications for the European Higher Education Area; b.Implementing ECTS would also serve the implementation of the Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area, notably as regards information provision for students and the use of learning outcomes and their associated student workload.

5. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 5 ECTS 2. What is ECTS now?/1 2. What is ECTS now? Sources: ‘ECTS User’s Guide’ 14 02 2005 and new draft version 18 03 2007 still under discussion The ECTS Key Features are presently under complete revision to emphasize the strong link that should exist between credits, workload and learning outcomes. ECTS Key Features 2005 "ECTS is a student-centred system based on student workload required to achieve the objectives of a programme of study. These objectives should preferably be specified in terms of learning outcomes and competences to be acquired" "60 credits feature the workload of a full-time student during one academic year. It amounts to around 1500-1800 hours per year, which corresponds to 25-30 student work hours per credit”

6. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 6 ECTS 2. What is ECTS now?/2 ECTS Key Features 2005 - 2 Student workload consists of the time required to complete all planned learning activities. Credits are allocated to all educational components of a study programme and reflect the quantity of work each component requires to achieve its specific objectives or learning outcomes in relation to the total quantity of work necessary to complete a full year of study successfully. Credits can only be obtained after successful completion of the work required and appropriate assessment of the learning outcomes achieved.

7. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 7 ECTS 2. What is ECTS now?/3 ECTS Key Features 2005 - 3 The majority of the ‘Bologna’ European countries, have introduced the ECTS in their legislation on the basis of this version of the Key Features.

8. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 8 ECTS 2. What is ECTS now?/4 ECTS Key documents for all learners and for mobile students  Information/Course Catalogue  ECTS Learning Agreement (internal and external use)  Student Application Form  ECTS Transcript of Records

9. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 9 ECTS 2. What is ECTS now?/5 ECTS Grade Interpretation Scheme (EGIS) (ex. ECTS Grading Scale) ECTS grades carry credit and are awarded to students passing the assessments as follows: 10 %ECTS A grade 25 %ECTS B grade 30 %ECTS C grade 25 % ECTS D grade 10 % ECTS E grade --FX (fail - some work required to pass) --F (fail - considerable work required)

10. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 10 ECTS 3. State of implementation/1 3. State of implementation Source: ‘EUA Trends V report’ (1st draft 13.03.2007) David Crosier et al. These results will be presented next week at the EUA GA and will be published in ± 2 weeks. It will also be presented at the Ministers conference in London in May 2007. These results are based on a questionnaire + site visits. The questionnaire was sent to European HE institutions (920 answers) and addressed among other topics the : use and implementation of credit systems, recognition tools and procedures. The visits (Nov.-Dec. 2006) complement the questionnaire’s answers.

11. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 11 ECTS 3. State of implementation/2 Does your institution have a credit transfer system for all BA and MA programmes? source TV 1st draft report version 13.3.2007

12. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 12 ECTS 3. State of implementation/3 ‘Does your institution have a credit transfer system for BA and MA programmes?’ source TV 1st draft report version 13.3.2007

13. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 13 ECTS 3. State of implementation/4 Does your institution use an credit accumulation system for all BA and MA programmes? source TV 1st draft report version 13.3.2007

14. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 14 Does your institution use an credit accumulation system for all BA and MA programmes? ECTS 3. State of implementation/5 source TV 1st draft report version 13.3.2007

15. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 15 ECTS 4. Questions still in progress/1 4. Question still in progress Issues arising from the Trends V site visits (Nov. -Dec 2006) “ECTS is viewed as THE European credit system but the familiar problems regarding recognition of credits remain but at a slightly lesser scale than before” “The increasing use of the learning agreements for mobile students has led in many cases to some improvements in recognition processes” The link between credits and learning outcomes is not clear at all and for the staff and for the students.

16. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 16 ECTS 4. Questions still in progress/2 Other questions related to ECTS as a transparency tool Allocation of credits and their link to workload and learning outcomes will, in many cases, have to be ‘fine tuned’ or ‘re-tuned’ after a few years of implementation Course catalogues still need improvements (regular updates, translation, etc.) The ECTS grading scale is still not widely used and the grades are not transferred, … only the credits Etc…

17. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 17 For more information: EUROPA > Eduation and Training >...> Socrates > ECTS EUA > Bologna > ECTS’ and very soon EUA >Trends V report

18. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 18 DS 1 Diploma Supplement 1.Background The Diploma Supplement is a direct product of the Council of Europe/UNESCO “Convention on the Recognition of Qualification Concerning Higher Education in the European Region” adopted in Lisbon in 1997.

19. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 19 DS 2 2.What is it ? An explanatory box on the Diploma Supplement principles and information sections provide the framework for the diploma supplement. A Diploma Supplement provides all information essential to make a valid judgement about any qualification (examples of completed Supplements can be found on the European commission DG EAC web site). Information identifying the holder of the qualification. Information identifying the qualification. Information on the level of the qualification. Information on the contents and results gained. Information on the function of the qualification. Additional information. Certification on the national higher education system.

20. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 20 DS 3 2.What is it ? it is NOT  A Curriculum Vitae.  A substitute for the original qualifications or transcript. and certainly NOT  An automatic system that guarantees recognition.

21. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 21 3. State of implementation DS 4 source TV 1st draft report version 13.3.2007 Does your institution issue a Diploma Supplement to graduating students?

22. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 22 DS 5 4. Questions still in progress Where the DS is already used: - the required layout not always used -there is not always a translation in another European language -the national grading scale is not explicitly described -the national usefulness of the DS to students and employers has still to be proved For more information European commission > Diploma Supplement

23. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 23 Other tools 1 Other and main future tools Framework of Qualifications for the European Higher Education Area (the ‘Bologna’ Framework) levels 6-8 / ‘Dublin’ Descriptors European Qualifications Framework for Lifelong Learning (the European Union Framework) all levels / LLL Descriptors National Qualifications Frameworks Sectoral Qualifications Frameworks etc…

24. NAFSA - EAIE Joint Symposium, Amsterdam, March 22-23, 2007A. Charon Wauters Slide 24 Conclusions Many transparency tools, maybe too much (ECVET), … under construction. ECTS and the DS are the most advanced tools immediately useful to understand a student educational experience in one specific European country. To get a good idea of the development of the use of all these transparency tools, use your European partners ! They have developed very specific skills these last decades helping them to keep track of the regional changes and to implement the new European transparency tools.