1. Plant nomenclature and taxonomy Taxonomy is the science of naming of leaving organisms and their correct integration into the existing system of nomenclature. The exact naming (taxonomy) and an understanding of the species relationship to other species is an essential basis for pharmacognostic work. Only taxonomy allows the correct identification of a botanical drug, and consequently is the basis for further pharmacological, phytochemical, analytical, and clinical study. By Dr. Youssef Ibrahim Ph.D.

2. Plant nomenclature and taxonomy Morphological and microscopical character of the plant organs plays an important role in identifying a botanical drug. Based on the analysis of character, plants are classified into the following levels or categories: Kingdom Phylum: (plural=phyla) Class Order Family Genus: (plural=genera) Species Each formal grouping at any given level is a taxon (pl.,taxa) By Dr. Youssef Ibrahim Ph.D.

3. Plant nomenclature and taxonomy Closely related species grouped together in a common genus Related genera can be grouped in a more inclusive group called family Families are grouped into order Orders are grouped into classes classes are grouped into phyla Biologists group phyla can be assigned into six Kingdoms 1-Archaebacteria (unicellular prokaryotic cells without nuclei) 2-Eubacteria (bacteria) 3-Protista (protozoa) 4-Fungi (Yeast) 5-Planta (Complex multicellular organisms, carry out photosynthesis) 6-Animalia (multicellular organisms that eat other organisms for nutrition) By Dr. Youssef Ibrahim Ph.D.

4. Plant nomenclature and taxonomy By Dr. Youssef Ibrahim Ph.D.

5. Plant nomenclature and taxonomy

6. Questions What is Taxonomy? How can you identify a botanical drug? Mention the six kingdoms which can be assigned from grouping phyla?