2. PEACE

3. Learning Targets 1.Describe Wilson’s ideas for peace. 2.Analyze Wilson’s peace plan through an assigned nation’s position and argue that position. 3.Review the resulting Treaty of Versailles and critique it: Was the treaty fair? 4. Create a political cartoon which showcases a failure of the Treaty of Versailles.

4. Terms for Peace Armistice: truce which ended the war on Nov. 11, 1918 Fourteen Points: President Wilson’s ideas for a lenient or fair peace Self-determination: right of people to decide their own political status Reparations: payments for damages and expenses of war ($33 billion)

5. Peace Terms based on Wilson’s 14 Points No secret treaties National self-determination All nations cut arms and weapons Each country pays for their own damages “Peace without victory” League of Nations formed

6. VERSAILLES SIMULATION GROUP PROCESS 1.Read each provision. 2.Decide whether your nation would agree or disagree. 3.Explain why your nation agreed or disagreed. 4.Once completed, pick a group member to share your nations viewpoint for each and another to respond to other nations (i.e. agree or disagree with ____ because)

7. Peace Terms based on Wilson’s 14 Points No secret treaties National self-determination All nations cut arms and weapons Each country pays for their own damages “Peace without victory” League of Nations formed

8. Treaty of Versailles (what really happened) Germany takes full blame (“War guilt”) Germany pays huge reparations to Allies ($33 Billion costs - $10.4 billion - $50 million for 66 years; U.S. takes none!) Germany must disarm (navy – 6 ships Army- 100,000 men, no draft) Some new nations created (self-determination) (out of Central Powers and Russia) League of Nations created

9. Europe before WWIEurope after WWI

10. Reflection Predict: What do you think will be the EFFECTS of the Treaty of Versailles? Consider: –United States’ response –Reaction of Germany –Rebuilding of Europe

11. The Failure of Treaty of Versailles 1. “War-guilt” clause a. Germans held responsible for war b. Hitler able to rise to power with promises to restore Germany to greatness

12. 2. Economic disaster for Germany a. Result of paying huge reparations b. Lost great deal of land c. Hitler promises to fix it German woman feeds cash into stove instead of using it

13. 3. Russia unhappy with Treaty a. Not invited to peace conference b. Lost land and wanted it back The “Big Four”—leaders of England, Italy, France and U.S. decide Treaty

14. 4. League of Nations a. U.S. never joined; Russia and Germany not allowed in b. Members did not enforce resolutions c. Did not have power to stop German aggression during 1930s

15. 5. Disarmament for Germany ONLY