1. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Joint Battle Management, Command & Control: Path to Interoperability Lieutenant General Robert W. Wagner Deputy Commander United States Joint Forces Command

2. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED “ As the battlefield becomes increasingly complex, the transformation of our nation’s military is dependent upon joint operations with assured interoperability and connectivity down to the tactical level.” SECDEF Memo on Interoperability and Connectivity, November 2003

3. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Deconflict Service Forces Army Forces Air Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces

4. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Coordinate Stitch Service Seams Deconflict Service Forces Army Forces Air Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces Army Forces Air Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces

5. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Deconflict Service Forces Army Forces Air Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces Coordinate Stitch Service Seams Army Forces Air Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces Integration of Service Capabilities Transforming the Joint Force Army Forces Air Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces SOF

6. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Deconflict Service Forces Army Forces Air Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces Coordinate Stitch Service Seams Army Forces Air Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces Interdependent Coherently Joint Collaborative Coordination Effects-Based Network Centric Interagency-Multinational A Full Spectrum capabilities-based joint force Multinational Interagency SOF Integration of Service Capabilities Army Forces Air Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces SOF Transforming the Joint Force

7. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED x x x Corps Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) x x Conventional I I I AIR GROUND Massed Forces Deconflicted Linearly – Sequential Attrition warfare Military to Military Independent

8. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Massed ForcesMassed effects Deconflicted IntegratedInterdependent Linearly – SequentialSimultaneous depth of space Attrition warfareRapid start/stop Military to MilitaryAll elements of national power IndependentNetworked

9. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED The Growing Gap Data Transmitted Data Analyzed

10. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Time Research Analysis Production Closing the Gap Current

11. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Time Research Analysis Production Decrease Development Time Increase Analytical Rigor Closing the Gap Networked / Collaborative Current Future

12. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Decision Making The Meeting Chain Linear down Linear back Limited cross talk Partial transmission Slow Networked EUCOM 66 th MI 902 nd MI Meade VPN 513 th MI CENTCOM INTELLIGENCE CI NGIC BA CENTCOM JFCOM OPERATIONS POLICY 501 st MI 205 th MI HQ INSCOM Ft Gordon & Camp Doha JFIC JWAC CIA CITF GTMO NSA SOJICC SOCOM 704 th MI Meade STRATCOM DARPA J9 JITF-CT CIFA Communities of Interest Instant Chat Knowledge Informed / Enabled First hand transmission Rapid

13. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED A Notional ISR Picture Or is it? Is it: One picture or many? Possible coverage or actual coverage? Is it linked and real time? What does it tell the Commander?

14. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Battle Damage Assessment (BDA) Can it keep up with operational speed in order to inform operational decisions? Are assessments measured in days, hours or minutes? If we are uncertain, do we re-strike and/or lose momentum while we seek certainty How do we train to support the fluid fight? When conducting “effects based operations” what is “effects based BDA” –Is it automated? Federated? Networked? –Is it lethal and non-lethal –Does it Incorporate self assessing weapons?

15. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Battle Effectiveness Assessment Battle Damage Assessment (BDA) Can it keep up with operational speed in order to inform operational decisions? Are assessments measured in days, hours or minutes? If we are uncertain, do we re-strike and/or lose momentum while we seek certainty How do we train to support the fluid fight? When conducting “effects based operations” what is “effects based BDA” –Is it automated? Federated? Networked? –Is it lethal and non-lethal –Does it Incorporate self assessing weapons? Informing the next step – Real Time – All Source

16. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Blue Force Tracking Brigade and Above Migration to Interoperability USAMCS 6.3.2MCS 6.3.DMCS 6.4MCS 6.4JTCW 7.0 USMCC2PC5.8C2PC 5.9C2PC 6.0C2PC 6.1 Sep 03 Mar 04 Mar 05 Mar 06 Mar 07 Key C2/SA Interoperability Metrics INTSUM / OPSUM Logistics Information NBC Warnings & Reports TBMD and Air Defense Warnings CCIRs Obstacle Information Combat Power Air Tracks Plans and Orders Commander Sitreps ATO / ACO Air Coordination Measures Fires (Targets, FSCMs, Overlays – Battlefield Geometries & Control Measures Plans and Orders Commander Sitreps Red Picture (Correlated and SPOT Reports) Blue SA (Air/Ground at platform/unit levels) JTCW pursuit of NR KPP Army and Marine Corps bde/regt can be seamlessly cross- attached Army Bde can work directly for JTF Army Bde can Operate Adjacent To Marine Corps Regiment Systems improving interoperability now simultaneously to converging

17. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Speed Kills Enemy Situation Friendly Capabilities Weapons Command and Control Coalition and Interagency

18. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Speed Kills Enemy Situation Friendly Capabilities Weapons Command and Control Coalition and Interagency Early Networked Situational Awareness Dramatically Increases Response Options Decide – Act - Adapt

19. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Joint C2 Joint ISR Joint Fires InteragencyCoalition Joint Battle Management Command and Control spans the continuum of Joint C2, Joint Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR), Joint Fires, Interagency, and Coalition Joint BMC2 Context

20. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Net-Centric Operations An information superiority concept of operations Effects Based Operations Coherently Joint Fully Networked Decision makers, Shooters, Sensors and Systems Shared Real Time Situational Awareness Increased Speed of Command Information/Knowledge Superiority Supports Synchronized Non-contiguous Operations Enabling Decision Superiority - - but more so Decide, Act, Adapt

21. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Thinking Differently Fully Networked Coherently Joint Knowledge Centric Effects Based Transforming How We Think and Operate Legacy systems will not meet this challenge! Enabling Networked Operations

22. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Joint Concept Development Path Joint Concept Development and Experimentation Strategy (FY 04-05) FY 01 Unified Vision Joint Prototype Path  Provide actionable recommendations from experimentation results to senior leaders to inform options for future force investments  Field the Standing Joint Force Headquarters (SJFHQ) – including the enabling concepts for developing transformational joint command and control  Deliver rapid, prototyping of capabilities to improve joint warfighting now Include our Combatant Commands, Services, Defense Agencies and Multinational partners; collaborate in experimentation activities FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 FY 04 FY 05 FY 06 Millennium Challenge Operational Lessons Learned Leverage Combatant Commander Exercises and Operations Leverage Service Sponsored Wargames and Seminars Leverage Combatant Commander Exercises and Operations Leverage Service Sponsored Wargames and Seminars

23. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Delivering Innovation Stitch Service Seams Integration of Service Capabilities Effects-based, Collaborative & Network Centric Deconflict Service Forces WWII Desert Storm OEF/OIF Future

24. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Expands USJFCOM responsibility for:  Strengthening Department’s fielding of Joint Battle Management Command and Control (JBMC2) capabilities  Leading Combatant Commanders in development of joint doctrine, concepts, mission/capability requirements for Joint BMC2  Coordinating JBMC2 capabilities for joint integration and interoperability with the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC)  Direct oversight and directive authorities for selected DoD programs and initiatives MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE DECISION 912 HIGHLIGHTS

25. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED What the Warfighter Needs An integrated, interoperable, and networked joint force: –that will insure common shared situational awareness –that will allow fused, precise and actionable intelligence –that will support coherent distributed and dispersed operations, including forced entry into anti-access or area-denial environments –that will ensure decision superiority enabling more agile, more lethal, and survivable joint operations

26. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Transformation Leaders in JBMC2 Standing Joint Force Headquarters Collaborative Information Environments Deployable Joint Command and Control Netted Joint Forces Integrated Joint Fires Joint National Training Capability (JNTC) Advanced Concepts Effects Based Operations (EBO), Operational Net Assessment (ONA) Etc.

27. #1 – Improve interoperability to the tactical level: JBMC2 Roadmap (to include necking-down BMC2 apps) TODAY 2008 # 2 – Global Information Grid (GIG) / Net-centric Vision Make interoperable Neck-down systems Attacking the Problem on Two Fronts

28. Achieving Net-Centric “Operations” Original GIG envisioned as overarching top down (CIO driven) architecture New GIG focused on Net-Centric standards and related policy DAB JROC CIO Board MID 912 Must be Joint Warfighter Driven, (JFCOM and Joint Staff – JCIDS/FCBs process) AT&L lead for System Views NII lead for Technical Views (standards) JTA 6.0 Critical NII/ Net-Centric Checklist Need database harmonization Need Information Assurance For near term make JBMC2 operationally interoperable (FIOP – SIAP, SIGP, FORCEnet, SISP… ) For future leverage NCES for most all functions (applications), but allow for real-time organic warfighter applications PolicyGovernance Architectures Standards Functional Capability Balance Bandwidth Expansion (NII Lead) Networks In Place & Evolving

29. (Total Mission Critical to phase out or make interoperable–360) Mission Critical ISR +87 Mission Critical Support Communications +132 130 Core BMC2 Total FIOP SIAP SISP SOFP SIMP SIGP DOTMLPF JI&I (~ 30) GCCS Logistics +11 Logistics +11 Magnitude of the JBMC2 Roadmap System Challenge “Making JBMC2 Interoperable by 2008”

30. Joint Battle Management Command and Control (JBMC2) Management Structure Air Forc e USJFCOM“Top-Level” Tradeoffs and Leadership Tradeoffs and Leadership Across Joint Mission Threads JBMC2 Engineering Team (Service Lead FIOP (USAF)) “Day-to-Day” Systems Engineering /Picture Integration (FIOP, SIAP, SIGP, FORCEnet, SISP) ArmyUSMCNavy OSD (AT&L, NII & JS) Strategy & Oversight Service implementation of JBMC2 Engineering Air Forc e USJFCOM (MID 912) JBMC2 BOD ArmyUSMCNavy SECDEF JROC(JCIDS) JCB/FCBs Coordination Coordination Service participation in JBMC2 Requirements USAF USAF AQUISITION REQUIREMENTS Bridge between JBMC2 capability requirements development and systems engineering needs/ /programmatic decision support

31. JBMC2 Roadmap - a living documentJBMC2 Roadmap - a living document Conduct “JBMC2 Capability DAB”Conduct “JBMC2 Capability DAB” Conduct Net Centric Program Reviews using the Net Centric ChecklistConduct Net Centric Program Reviews using the Net Centric Checklist Ensure Services and Agencies implement Roadmap and Checklist decisions in the POM and in ProgramsEnsure Services and Agencies implement Roadmap and Checklist decisions in the POM and in Programs …Next Steps

32. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Service Context and Organizations Joint Context, JTFs & SJFHQ Service Training Transformation JNTC JBMC2, CIE Service Command & Control Continuum of Transformation Service Lessons Learned JLL Organic Fires Joint Fires/JTAC FSCL Kill Box/ETACS Transforming the Joint Force Deconflict Service Forces Coordinate Stitch Service Seams Integration of Service Capabilities Interdependent Coherently Joint Collaborative Coordination Effects-Based, Network Centric Interagency-Multinational Army Forces Air Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces Army Forces Air Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces Multinational Interagency Army Forces Air Forces Marine Forces Navy Forces SOF

33. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Summary Interoperability and integration are fundamental to effective joint operations Both current and future requirements must be considered and synchronized New “top down” requirements process and new paradigm for JBMC2 are steps in the right direction…..but they must be given time to take root

34. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Back ups

35. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Interoperability: The ability of systems, units, or forces to provide services to and accept services from other systems, units or forces and to use the services exchanged to enable them to operate effectively together. (JP 0-2) Integration: The arrangement of military forces and their actions to create a force that operates by engaging as a whole. (JP 0-2) Joint: Activities, operations and organizations, etc., in which elements of two or more military Departments participate (JP 0-2). Joint Force: A force composed of significant elements (assigned or attached) of two or more Military Departments operating under a single joint force commander. (JP 0-2) Interoperability is key to Joint Force Integration Guiding Definitions

36. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Secretary of Defense directed expanded responsibilities for USJFCOM to improve the Department of Defense ability to field Joint Battle Management Command and Control capabilities (MID 912) JBMC2 Mandate “Strengthens the Department’s fielding of Joint Battle Management Command and Control capabilities by improving the Department’s ability to organize, train, and equip joint forces.”

37. USJFCOMUNCLASSIFIED Thinking Differently Fully Networked Coherently Joint Knowledge Centric Effects Based Networked C2 (JBMC2) Distributed Common Ground Surface/System (DCGS) Global Information Grid (GIG- BE) Collaborative Info Environment (CIE) Net-Centric Enterprise Services (NCES) Operational Net Assessment (ONA) Joint Intel, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (JISR) Intel Transformation Decision Superiority Effects-Based Operations (EBO) Information Operations (IO) Force Projection (JDPO) Joint Tactical Actions (JTA) Standing Joint Force Headquarters (SJFHQ) Joint Interagency Coordination Group (JIACG) Multinational Info Sharing (MNIS) Transforming How We Think and Operate Legacy systems will not meet this challenge! Enabling Networked Operations