1. Word Structure excitement Root:excite Suffix:-ment(V => N) N VerbSuffix excite-ment

2. unhappy Root:happy Prefix:un- Adj Prefix Adj un-happy

3. Constraint on Word Formation Certain affixes attach to certain kinds of root. -ment:V => N => *happiment -ness:Adj => N => *exciteness

4. More Complex Structures unhappiness un-Adj > Adj happy -nessAdj > N

5. N Adj PreAdjSuff un-happy-ness

6. ? N PreAdjSuff un-happy-ness

7. Morphological analysis The key to morphological analysis is comparison. Compare similar forms with recurring units –[grap h ɔː ] ‘I write’ –[grap h ɛː ] ‘he writes’ –[p h ɛː mi] ‘to speak’

8. Morphological analysis 1.By finding similar forms with recurring units, use process of elimination to identify morphemes 2.Determine the meaning of the morphemes 3.Determine the order of morphemes in word formation

9. Japanese [tabeta]‘X ate Y’ [aketa]‘X opened Y’ [tabesaseta]‘X made Y eat Z’ [akesaseta]‘X made Y open Z’ [taberareta]‘X was eaten’ [akerareta]‘X was opened’ [tabesaserareta]‘X was made to eat Y’ [akesaserareta]‘X was made to open Y’ [tabesasenai]‘X does not make Y eat Z’ [tabenai]‘X does not eat Y’ [tabesaserareru]‘X is made to eat Y’

10. Roots [tabeta]‘X ate Y’ [aketa]‘X opened Y’ [tabesaseta]‘X made Y eat Z’ [akesaseta]‘X made Y open Z’ [taberareta]‘X was eaten’ [akerareta]‘X was opened’ [tabesaserareta]‘X was made to eat Y’ [akesaserareta]‘X was made to open Y’ [tabesasenai]‘X does not make Y eat Z’ [tabenai]‘X does not eat Y’ [tabesaserareru]‘X is made to eat Y’

11. Suffix - Causative [tabeta]‘X ate Y’ [aketa]‘X opened Y’ [tabesaseta]‘X made Y eat Z’ [akesaseta]‘X made Y open Z’ [taberareta]‘X was eaten’ [akerareta]‘X was opened’ [tabesaserareta]‘X was made to eat Y’ [akesaserareta]‘X was made to open Y’ [tabesasenai]‘X does not make Y eat Z’ [tabenai]‘X does not eat Y’ [tabesaserareru]‘X is made to eat Y’

12. Suffix - Passive [tabeta]‘X ate Y’ [aketa]‘X opened Y’ [tabesaseta]‘X made Y eat Z’ [akesaseta]‘X made Y open Z’ [taberareta]‘X was eaten’ [akerareta]‘X was opened’ [tabesaserareta]‘X was made to eat Y’ [akesaserareta]‘X was made to open Y’ [tabesasenai]‘X does not make Y eat Z’ [tabenai]‘X does not eat Y’ [tabesaserareru]‘X is made to eat Y’

13. Suffix - Negation [tabeta]‘X ate Y’ [aketa]‘X opened Y’ [tabesaseta]‘X made Y eat Z’ [akesaseta]‘X made Y open Z’ [taberareta]‘X was eaten’ [akerareta]‘X was opened’ [tabesaserareta]‘X was made to eat Y’ [akesaserareta]‘X was made to open Y’ [tabesasenai]‘X does not make Y eat Z’ [tabenai]‘X does not eat Y’ [tabesaserareru]‘X is made to eat Y’

14. Suffix - Past [tabeta]‘X ate Y’ [aketa]‘X opened Y’ [tabesaseta]‘X made Y eat Z’ [akesaseta]‘X made Y open Z’ [taberareta]‘X was eaten’ [akerareta]‘X was opened’ [tabesaserareta]‘X was made to eat Y’ [akesaserareta]‘X was made to open Y’ [tabesasenai]‘X does not make Y eat Z’ [tabenai]‘X does not eat Y’ [tabesaserareru]‘X is made to eat Y’

15. Suffix - Present [tabeta]‘X ate Y’ [aketa]‘X opened Y’ [tabesaseta]‘X made Y eat Z’ [akesaseta]‘X made Y open Z’ [taberareta]‘X was eaten’ [akerareta]‘X was opened’ [tabesaserareta]‘X was made to eat Y’ [akesaserareta]‘X was made to open Y’ [tabesasenai]‘X does not make Y eat Z’ [tabenai]‘X does not eat Y’ [tabesaserareru]‘X is made to eat Y’

16. English plural allomorphy What is the plural morpheme in English? Plural of… ‘cat’[k h æt]  ‘cats’ [k h æts] ‘dog’[d ɔ g]  ‘dogs’ [d ɔ gz]

17. English plural allomorphy How is the morpheme realized when no rule applies? ‘bee’ [bi:]  ‘bees’ [bi:z] Plural morpheme:/-z/ [-z][-s]

18. Negative Prefix imbalance[ ɪ mbælənts] inability[ ɪ nəb ɪ lə ɾ i] incomplete[ ɪ ŋkəmplit] irresponsible[ ɪɹɪ sp ɑ ntsəbl ̩ ] illegible[ ɪ l ɛʤ əbl ̩ ] intolerable[ ɪ nt ɑ l ɹ̩ əbl ̩ ]

19. Allomorphs [ ɪ m] before labials [iŋ] before velars [ ɪɹ ] before [ ɹ ] [ ɪ l] before [l] [ ɪ n] elsewhere