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Word Structure excitement Root:excite Suffix:-ment(V => N) N VerbSuffix excite-ment.

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Presentation on theme: "Word Structure excitement Root:excite Suffix:-ment(V => N) N VerbSuffix excite-ment."— Presentation transcript:

1 Word Structure excitement Root:excite Suffix:-ment(V => N) N VerbSuffix excite-ment

2 unhappy Root:happy Prefix:un- Adj Prefix Adj un-happy

3 Constraint on Word Formation Certain affixes attach to certain kinds of root. -ment:V => N => *happiment -ness:Adj => N => *exciteness

4 More Complex Structures unhappiness un-Adj > Adj happy -nessAdj > N

5 N Adj PreAdjSuff un-happy-ness

6 ? N PreAdjSuff un-happy-ness

7 Morphological analysis The key to morphological analysis is comparison. Compare similar forms with recurring units –[grap h ɔː ] ‘I write’ –[grap h ɛː ] ‘he writes’ –[p h ɛː mi] ‘to speak’

8 Morphological analysis 1.By finding similar forms with recurring units, use process of elimination to identify morphemes 2.Determine the meaning of the morphemes 3.Determine the order of morphemes in word formation

9 Japanese [tabeta]‘X ate Y’ [aketa]‘X opened Y’ [tabesaseta]‘X made Y eat Z’ [akesaseta]‘X made Y open Z’ [taberareta]‘X was eaten’ [akerareta]‘X was opened’ [tabesaserareta]‘X was made to eat Y’ [akesaserareta]‘X was made to open Y’ [tabesasenai]‘X does not make Y eat Z’ [tabenai]‘X does not eat Y’ [tabesaserareru]‘X is made to eat Y’

10 Roots [tabeta]‘X ate Y’ [aketa]‘X opened Y’ [tabesaseta]‘X made Y eat Z’ [akesaseta]‘X made Y open Z’ [taberareta]‘X was eaten’ [akerareta]‘X was opened’ [tabesaserareta]‘X was made to eat Y’ [akesaserareta]‘X was made to open Y’ [tabesasenai]‘X does not make Y eat Z’ [tabenai]‘X does not eat Y’ [tabesaserareru]‘X is made to eat Y’

11 Suffix - Causative [tabeta]‘X ate Y’ [aketa]‘X opened Y’ [tabesaseta]‘X made Y eat Z’ [akesaseta]‘X made Y open Z’ [taberareta]‘X was eaten’ [akerareta]‘X was opened’ [tabesaserareta]‘X was made to eat Y’ [akesaserareta]‘X was made to open Y’ [tabesasenai]‘X does not make Y eat Z’ [tabenai]‘X does not eat Y’ [tabesaserareru]‘X is made to eat Y’

12 Suffix - Passive [tabeta]‘X ate Y’ [aketa]‘X opened Y’ [tabesaseta]‘X made Y eat Z’ [akesaseta]‘X made Y open Z’ [taberareta]‘X was eaten’ [akerareta]‘X was opened’ [tabesaserareta]‘X was made to eat Y’ [akesaserareta]‘X was made to open Y’ [tabesasenai]‘X does not make Y eat Z’ [tabenai]‘X does not eat Y’ [tabesaserareru]‘X is made to eat Y’

13 Suffix - Negation [tabeta]‘X ate Y’ [aketa]‘X opened Y’ [tabesaseta]‘X made Y eat Z’ [akesaseta]‘X made Y open Z’ [taberareta]‘X was eaten’ [akerareta]‘X was opened’ [tabesaserareta]‘X was made to eat Y’ [akesaserareta]‘X was made to open Y’ [tabesasenai]‘X does not make Y eat Z’ [tabenai]‘X does not eat Y’ [tabesaserareru]‘X is made to eat Y’

14 Suffix - Past [tabeta]‘X ate Y’ [aketa]‘X opened Y’ [tabesaseta]‘X made Y eat Z’ [akesaseta]‘X made Y open Z’ [taberareta]‘X was eaten’ [akerareta]‘X was opened’ [tabesaserareta]‘X was made to eat Y’ [akesaserareta]‘X was made to open Y’ [tabesasenai]‘X does not make Y eat Z’ [tabenai]‘X does not eat Y’ [tabesaserareru]‘X is made to eat Y’

15 Suffix - Present [tabeta]‘X ate Y’ [aketa]‘X opened Y’ [tabesaseta]‘X made Y eat Z’ [akesaseta]‘X made Y open Z’ [taberareta]‘X was eaten’ [akerareta]‘X was opened’ [tabesaserareta]‘X was made to eat Y’ [akesaserareta]‘X was made to open Y’ [tabesasenai]‘X does not make Y eat Z’ [tabenai]‘X does not eat Y’ [tabesaserareru]‘X is made to eat Y’

16 English plural allomorphy What is the plural morpheme in English? Plural of… ‘cat’[k h æt]  ‘cats’ [k h æts] ‘dog’[d ɔ g]  ‘dogs’ [d ɔ gz]

17 English plural allomorphy How is the morpheme realized when no rule applies? ‘bee’ [bi:]  ‘bees’ [bi:z] Plural morpheme:/-z/ [-z][-s]

18 Negative Prefix imbalance[ ɪ mbælənts] inability[ ɪ nəb ɪ lə ɾ i] incomplete[ ɪ ŋkəmplit] irresponsible[ ɪɹɪ sp ɑ ntsəbl ̩ ] illegible[ ɪ l ɛʤ əbl ̩ ] intolerable[ ɪ nt ɑ l ɹ̩ əbl ̩ ]

19 Allomorphs [ ɪ m] before labials [iŋ] before velars [ ɪɹ ] before [ ɹ ] [ ɪ l] before [l] [ ɪ n] elsewhere


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